In Vivo Infection
In Vivo Infection - Related Videos
12:08
Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses
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Cited by 22 •
2011
Oncolytic viruses are promising for cancer therapeutics. The ability to ascertain the infectability of live tissue specimens obtained from patients prior to treatment is a unique advantage of this therapeutic approach. This protocol describes how to process tissues for ex vivo infection with oncolytic virus and subsequent viral quantification.
05:53
Use of In vivo Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Experimental Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates
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Cited by 6 •
2013
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of neonates represents an important cause of mental retardation, yet the molecular events leading to virus-induced pathogenesis are still poorly understood. To investigate the dynamics of brain infection, we adapted whole-animal in vivo imaging to perform time-course analysis of neonates infected with a luciferase-recombinant virus.
18:40
Combined In vivo Optical and µCT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice
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Cited by 19 •
2014
Combined optical and μCT imaging in a mouse model of orthopaedic implant infection, utilizing a bioluminescent engineered strain of Staphylococcus aureus, provided the capability to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor the dynamics of the bacterial infection, as well as the corresponding inflammatory response and anatomical changes in the bone.
11:56
Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
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Cited by 15 •
2015
The skin is one target tissue of the human pathogen herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). To explore the invasion route of HSV-1 into tissue, we established an ex vivo infection model of murine epidermal sheets which represent the outermost layer of skin.
07:55
Ex Vivo Organotypic Corneal Model of Acute Epithelial Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection
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Cited by 27 •
2012
In this video article we describe the use of a new ex vivo model of acute herpes simplex virus type I corneal epithelial infection.
FAQs
Innate defenses respond as pathogens interact with host tissues, while adaptive responses develop as infection continues. These immune activities can restrict microbial persistence, activate additional host mechanisms, or contribute to disease-related changes. Examining both responses in the same host helps researchers connect early defense events with later immune outcomes and disease severity.
A living host supplies tissues, immune defenses, and biological conditions that affect microbial growth and survival. Pathogens must interact with these changing conditions while using microbial factors that can promote persistence or disease. Consequently, the same organism-level outcome cannot be inferred fully from isolated molecular interactions without considering the host environment.
In Vivo Infection captures interactions among pathogens, tissues, innate defenses, adaptive immunity, and the broader host environment. Isolated cells or purified molecules can clarify individual mechanisms, but they do not fully reproduce how those mechanisms combine during disease. The in vivo setting therefore links molecular observations to pathogen persistence, immune responses, and organism-level outcomes.
Disease severity reflects the interaction between microbial properties and host reactions rather than either factor alone. Microbial factors may support entry or persistence, while innate and adaptive defenses influence how the infection develops. Studying both sides in a living host helps characterize why infection produces particular disease outcomes and how immune mechanisms contribute to them.
A study can follow how a pathogen enters the host, persists within it, and produces disease-related outcomes. Investigators can also assess interactions with tissues, activation of innate defenses, and development of adaptive immune responses. Together, these observations provide a framework for relating infection progression to immune mechanisms and overall disease severity.
These models are used when researchers need to examine preventive or therapeutic effects in the context of a living host. Vaccine studies can assess immune responses associated with protection, whereas antimicrobial evaluations can examine effects on infection and disease outcomes. Such work connects intervention-related findings with host-pathogen interactions that isolated systems cannot fully reproduce.
In Vivo Infection research provides organism-level context for investigating host-pathogen interactions and immune mechanisms. It helps connect molecular findings with the progression of infection, disease severity, and responses to vaccines or antimicrobial treatments. This context can guide the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies by showing how mechanisms operate together within a living host.