In Vivo Investigation
In Vivo Investigation - Related Videos
07:00
The ex vivo Isolated Skeletal Microvessel Preparation for Investigation of Vascular Reactivity
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Cited by 20 •
2012
An ex vivo preparation is described for isolation of the largest gracilis muscle resistance arterioles for interrogation of both vascular responses to vasoactive stimuli and the assessment of basic structural properties via passive wall mechanics.
08:47
Whole Mount Immunofluorescent Staining of the Neonatal Mouse Retina to Investigate Angiogenesis In vivo
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Cited by 84 •
2013
The neonatal murine retina provides a well characterized physiological model of angiogenesis, which permits investigations of the roles of different genes or drugs that modulate angiogenesis in an in vivo context. Immunofluorescent staining to accurately visualize the vascular plexus is pivotal to the success of these types of studies.
13:21
Establishment of Larval Zebrafish as an Animal Model to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Motility In Vivo
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Cited by 12 •
2017
In this protocol, fluorescently labeled T. cruzi were injected into transparent zebrafish larvae, and parasite motility was observed in vivo using light sheet fluorescence microscopy.
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
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Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
10:19
Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
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Cited by 3 •
2016
This procedure performs long-lasting in vivo intracellular recordings from single neurons during physiologically relevant cerebral states and after complete abolition of ongoing electrical activities, resulting in an isoelectric brain state. The physiological constants of the animal are carefully monitored during the transition to the artificial comatose condition.
FAQs
The central advantage is preservation of interactions among neurons, supporting tissues, and body systems. These relationships can shape neural function in ways that isolated measurements may not capture. In neuroscience, retaining those connections helps researchers relate observed activity or structure to perception, movement, cognition, and disease-related changes rather than examining a disconnected neural component alone.
Different readouts answer different levels of a neuroscience question. Electrophysiology measures neural activity, imaging can reveal activity or brain structure, and behavioral assays show responses during tasks or controlled conditions. Considering these measurements together allows researchers to connect cellular and circuit-level mechanisms with observable functions such as perception, movement, and cognition.
Controlled conditions are important because they let researchers associate a measured neural or behavioral change with a defined task or response. At the same time, the living system retains interactions that influence the outcome. This balance supports interpretation of how neural function operates within the organism and helps distinguish disease-related brain changes from measurements made outside that context.
A typical workflow begins by defining a task or controlled condition and selecting measurements that address the question. Researchers may record neural activity, physiology, behavior, or brain structure while an animal or human participant performs the task or responds. The resulting observations can then be related across cellular, circuit, and functional levels.
In vivo investigation is especially useful for questions about how neural mechanisms relate to perception, movement, cognition, or disease-related changes. It also supplies evidence for evaluating potential therapeutic strategies because measurements are collected while relevant nervous-system and body interactions remain present. This makes the approach valuable when researchers need findings tied to functioning within an organism.
The intact setting allows researchers to examine neural function alongside physiology, behavior, and brain structure, rather than treating neural activity as the only outcome. This broader view is relevant when a study asks how nervous-system processes correspond to whole-organism responses during controlled conditions, including functional changes associated with disease or the evaluation of potential therapeutic strategies.