Endoscopic Examination
Endoscopic Examination - Related Videos
01:28
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
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2025
Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
04:33
Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Procedure for Hematoma Removal from the Human Brain
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2025
Source: Pan, J. et. al., Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation. J. Vis. Exp. (2021)This video demonstrates minimally invasive endoscopic hematoma removal, using a navigation-guided sheath and endoscopic aspiration with saline irrigation to preserve brain structure.
07:44
Ophthalmoscopic Examination
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2023
Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA The simplest ophthalmoscopes consist of an aperture to look through, a diopter indicator, and a disc for selecting lenses. The ophthalmoscope is primarily used to examine the fundus, or the inner wall of the posterior eye, which consists of the choroid, retina, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels (Figure 1). The spherical eyeball...
02:51
Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
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2025
Source: Wang, L., et.al. Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation. J. Vis. Exp.(2023)This video demonstrates a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure to treat lumbar disc herniation by removing the protruded nucleus pulposus and ruptured annulus fibrosus. The technique decompresses the affected nerve root, alleviates pain, and restores nerve function through targeted tissue resection and radiofrequency modulation.
35:03
Mental Status Examination
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2023
Source: Carmen Black, Matthew Goldenberg, and Jaideep Talwalkar; Yale School of Medicine The mental status exam is a clinical evaluation of emotional, perceptual, and cognitive functioning that spans both the fields of psychiatry and neurology. Developing skill in the psychiatric portions of the examination are important to describe salient aspects of the patient's mental state that may be observed during routine history and/or physical exam. Proficiency in the cognitive portions of this...
FAQs
The light source illuminates interior surfaces while the camera captures their appearance for display on a monitor. Magnification makes anatomical details easier to inspect than they might be through a limited external view. This combination allows clinicians to evaluate visible abnormalities directly and supports more informed assessment of suspected disease.
Specialized instruments allow clinicians to do more than inspect an organ surface. They can collect tissue samples for further assessment or perform treatment during the same examination. Combining visualization with sampling or intervention can reduce the need for a separate procedure and help connect visible findings with clinical decision-making.
Direct visualization shows the condition of interior surfaces rather than relying only on indirect assessment. Clinicians can look for findings such as inflammation, bleeding, obstruction, or tumors and relate them to the observed anatomy. This immediate visual information can improve diagnostic accuracy and guide decisions about subsequent care.
The examination begins by introducing a rigid or flexible endoscope through a natural opening or a small incision. Its light and camera transmit magnified images to a monitor, where clinicians inspect the relevant anatomy. If needed, specialized instruments are used during the examination to obtain tissue or provide treatment.
Clinical endoscopy can support evaluation of gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, and other organ systems. The specific area examined depends on the body site accessible through a natural opening or small incision. Across these settings, clinicians can investigate interior surfaces for abnormalities and use the findings to support diagnosis and management.
It is particularly useful when clinicians need to investigate suspected inflammation, bleeding, obstruction, or tumors inside the body. Because the examination can combine direct inspection with tissue collection or treatment, it may provide diagnostic and therapeutic information in one setting. Its minimally invasive nature can also reduce recovery time compared with extensive surgery.