Name: surface-only imaging with tirf microscopy
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T12:00:29.000Z
Duration: 1 min 5 s
Channel: JoVE

La microscopie à fluorescence à réflexion interne totale, ou TIRF, image sélectivement les molécules fluorescentes d’un échantillon à proximité d’une surface solide avec un indice de réfraction plus élevé, comme une lamelle de verre.
Le faisceau laser d’excitation frappe la lamelle à un angle critique, ce qui entraîne une réflexion interne totale du faisceau.
La lumière réfléchie ne pénètre pas dans l’échantillon mais crée un champ électromagnétique étroit ou une onde évanescente, qui n’éclaire que les fluorophores à moins de 100 à 200 nanomètres de la surface de la cellule.
Parce que l’onde évanescente décroît rapidement à mesure qu’elle se déplace plus loin dans l’échantillon, la plupart des fluorophores de fond ne sont pas excités. Ainsi, les images résultantes des quelques protéines marquées au fluorophore près de la surface solide sont claires et nettes.
La TIRF est couramment utilisée pour l’imagerie de cellules vivantes, comme l’étude du mouvement des protéines motrices comme la kinésine sur les microtubules attachés à la lamelle.

<ol>
	<li>Fish, K.N., 2009. Microscopie à fluorescence à réflexion interne totale (TIRF). Protocoles actuels en cytométrie, 50(1), pp.12-18.</li>
</ol>

microscopie à fluorescence par réflexion interne totale

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

La microscopie à fluorescence par réflexion interne totale ou TIRF est une technique microscopique avancée utilisée pour visualiser les fluorophores dans des échantillons proches d'une surface solide avec un indice de réfraction plus élevé, comme une lamelle de verre. TIRF permet uniquement d'exciter les fluorophores situés à proximité de la surface solide. Lorsque la lumière provenant d'un milieu avec un indice de réfraction inférieur (tel que l'air) frappe la lamelle de verre à un angle critique, la lumière subit une réflexion interne totale au lieu de traverser le verre. Cela se produit car l’échantillon a un indice de réfraction inférieur à celui de la lamelle et ne permet pas à la lumière d’y pénétrer. La lumière est réfléchie par l'interface et forme un champ électromagnétique émettant des ondes évanescentes de courte longueur. Ces ondes n'excitent le fluorophore que près de la surface, car elles ne peuvent se déplacer qu'à environ 100 à 200 nm de profondeur dans la cellule avant de s'éteindre.

Il existe deux types de FRBR ; basée sur un prisme et basée sur des objectifs. En microscopie TIRF à prisme, un prisme est placé sur la surface de la lamelle qui dirige l'onde évanescente vers l'échantillon. En microscopie TIRF basée sur les objectifs, il n'y a pas de prisme à l'interphase ; l'objectif est le même que la source lumineuse qui contribue à créer l'onde évanescente.

TIRF présente plusieurs avantages par rapport aux microscopes à fluorescence et confocaux traditionnels ; il empêche l'éclairage des fluorophores de fond. Cela aide à étudier les structures proches de la surface cellulaire. Il réduit l'effet de flou et ne permet pas à la lumière floue d'interférer avec l'image. Comme les échantillons ne sont pas directement exposés à un faisceau lumineux intense, le photoblanchiment est minime et les cellules sont moins exposées à la phototoxicité.

Microscopie à Fluorescence par Réflexion Interne Totale

La microscopie à fluorescence à réflexion interne totale, ou TIRF, est une technique microscopique avancée utilisée pour visualiser les fluorophores dans des échantillons ...

total-internal-reflection-fluorescence-microscopy

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

Biologie cellulaire

Unit 1

Unité 1

Visualizing Cells, Tissues, and Molecules

Visualisation des cellules, des tissus et des molécules

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

surface-only imaging with tirf microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, or TIRF, is a microscope method used to view fluorophores near a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. It is useful when scientists want to study signals close to the cell surface.

TIRF works when light from a medium with a lower refractive index, such as air, hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle. Instead of entering the glass, the light undergoes total internal reflection. This reflection creates an electromagnetic field that gives off short evanescent waves. These waves excite only fluorophores near the surface and usually reach about 100 to 200 nm into the cell before fading away.

There are two types of TIRF microscopy: prism-based and objective-based. In prism-based TIRF, a prism sits on the coverslip surface and directs the evanescent wave to the sample. In objective-based TIRF, there is no prism at the interface. The objective itself acts as the light source and helps create the evanescent wave.

TIRF has several advantages over traditional fluorescence and confocal microscopes. It limits the illumination of background fluorophores and helps reduce blur from out-of-focus light. It is especially useful for studying structures close to the cell surface. Because the sample is not exposed to an intense light beam directly, photobleaching is low and the cells experience less phototoxicity.

Surface-Only Imaging with TIRF Microscopy

surface-only-imaging-with-tirf-microscopy

imaging biological samples with optical microscopy

imaging-biological-samples-with-optical-microscopy

How Light Microscopes Bring Samples Into View

Optical microscopy uses light and lenses to make tiny biological samples visible. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek built the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to view blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister developed an essentially modern light microscope. During the 20th century, microscopes gained better magnification and resolution. A sample is placed on a glass slide and clipped onto the stage, which is the flat platform of the microscope. The...

phase contrast and differential interference contrast microscopy

phase-contrast-and-differential-interference-contrast-microscopy

Microscope Contrast for Live, Unstained Cells

Phase-contrast and differential interference contrast microscopy help scientists see live cells without stains. Both methods boost contrast so thin, transparent structures become easier to study under the microscope. Phase-contrast microscopes use interference between light that passes straight through a cell and light that is refracted by cell parts. The microscope uses an annular stop in the condenser to make a hollow cone of light. The objective lens also contains a phase plate with a phase...

fixation and sectioning

Microscope Slide Prep and Staining

Microscope slide preparation includes wet mounts, fixation, and staining. These steps help make specimens easier to see under a light microscope. They also help preserve cells and highlight important structures. A wet mount is the simplest slide preparation. The specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid sample can be added directly with a dropper, and a solid sample, such as a skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before the liquid is added. The liquid is sometimes...

immunofluorescence microscopy

Fluorescent Antibody Staining in Cells

Fluorescent antibody staining uses a fluorescence microscope to make cells and microbes visible in bright colors against a dark background. The microscope works with fluorochromes, which are fluorescent dyes that absorb energy from a light source and then give off visible light. Some fluorochromes are natural, such as chlorophylls. Others are added to the specimen to improve contrast. Common examples of fluorochromes include Texas red and FITC. The method can also use nucleic acid dyes such as...

immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry

immunocytochemistry-and-immunohistochemistry

Antibody Staining in Cells and Tissues

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) use antibodies to detect specific proteins or antigens in samples. ICC focuses on individual cells, such as blood cells and stem cells. IHC is used for tissue samples. These methods were first published by Albert Coons in 1941, when they were used to detect pneumococcal antigen in mouse tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Both techniques can produce either a colored signal or a fluorescent signal. Enzyme-conjugated...

confocal fluorescence microscopy

Confocal Microscopy for Sharp Cell Images

Confocal microscopy is an advanced imaging method used to capture sharp fluorescence images. Its main advantage is that it blocks out-of-focus light from the sample with pinholes. That helps produce high-resolution images with strong contrast. Unlike a standard optical microscope, a confocal microscope uses a focused laser beam to scan the sample surface at different z-planes. This makes it especially useful for thick specimens, such as biofilms. These samples can often be examined alive and...

protein dynamics in living cells

Fluorescent Methods for Protein Movement

Protein movement in living cells can be measured with fluorescence-based methods such as FRAP, FRET, and PET. These techniques help scientists track how proteins move, interact, and change distance inside the cell. Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching, or FRAP, measures protein movement rates within the cell. In this method, a small region is exposed to a strong laser beam. The beam permanently bleaches fluorophore-tagged proteins in that area. Over time, bleached proteins diffuse away...

total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, or TIRF, is a microscope method used to view fluorophores near a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. It is useful when scientists want to study signals close to the cell surface. TIRF works when light from a medium with a lower refractive index, such as air, hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle. Instead of entering the glass, the light undergoes total internal reflection. This reflection creates an...

atomic force microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy for Surface Mapping

Atomic force microscopy is used to map the surface details of materials. It can examine ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. The method gives far more resolution than an optical imaging system and produces three-dimensional surface profiles instead of flat 2D images. The probe is the key part of an AFM setup. It includes the cantilever and tip assembly, and it is also the part that is replaced most often. Constant contact with samples wears down the tip, so probe choice depends...

super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Sharper Cell Images with Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy gives sharper images than standard fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function, or PSF. The PSF is the light pattern from a point source that makes it look blurred. Because of this blur, each fluorescent spot appears larger than it really is. Nearby fluorophores can also overlap through their PSFs and make the image less clear. Several super-resolution methods have been developed to improve image detail. Photoactivated localization...

overview of electron microscopy

Electron Microscopy: TEM vs SEM

Electron microscopy uses electrons instead of visible light to make images with much higher detail than a light microscope. Visible light limits the resolution of light microscopes, which usually magnify up to 1000X, and sometimes up to 1500X. Electrons have a much shorter wavelength, about 0.005 nm, so they can produce resolution as fine as 0.05 nm. An electron microscope can also magnify images up to 2,000,000X and reveal subcellular structures and some molecular structures, including single...

scanning electron microscopy

How SEM Reveals Surface Details

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals the surface details of a sample with an electron beam. The beam scans across the sample in a two-dimensional pattern. SEM can image areas from about 1 centimeter down to 5 micrometers wide. SEM is useful for studying bacteria, viruses, tissues, and larger samples such as insects. Conventional SEM can produce magnification from 20X to 30,000X. It also offers spatial resolution of about 50 to 100 nanometers. The process starts when the electron gun...

transmission electron microscopy

How TEM Reveals Tiny Structures

Transmission electron microscopy uses electrons to reveal very small structures inside a specimen. The technique grew from the first electron microscope prototype developed in 1931 by physicist Ernst Ruska. He built on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam, just as lenses direct light in an optical microscope. In a transmission electron microscope, a hot tungsten element produces electrons. An electron gun then accelerates them with a potential difference, giving the beam...

preparation of samples for electron microscopy

preparation-of-samples-for-electron-microscopy

Electron Microscopy Sample Prep Methods

Electron microscopy sample prep methods help biological samples survive imaging in TEM and SEM. Before a specimen can be viewed, it must be fixed, or stabilized, so the electron beam does not damage it. It also must be dried well, or desiccated, because the microscope uses a vacuum. Fixation should happen as quickly as possible. Once a sample leaves its natural environment, its properties begin to change. In tissue samples, oxygen levels can drop and change the appearance of mitochondria. That...

immunogold electron microscopy

Immunogold Labeling in Electron Microscopy

Immunogold labeling in electron microscopy uses antibodies and tiny gold particles to find specific proteins in cells and tissues. The gold particles are very electron-dense, which means they show up clearly in electron microscope images. This gives researchers a high-resolution way to see where proteins are located and to compare their amounts under different stimulation conditions. The method can reveal proteins on the cell surface and inside cells. It has been used to study proteins...

cryo-electron microscopy

Cryo-EM for Native Biomolecule Imaging

Cryo-EM, or cryo-electron microscopy, lets scientists image biomolecules in their frozen, native state. It avoids the dehydration, fixation, and staining used in conventional electron microscopy, which can distort samples and create artifacts. It also reduces damage from the electron beam by using gentler imaging conditions. This method is useful when other structure tools have limits. X-ray diffraction needs a molecule to form a crystal, and that is not always possible. Even when...

electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction

electron-microscope-tomography-and-single-particle-reconstruction

3D Imaging with Electron Microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can build 3D images of biological samples. It does this with electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. Tomography can show cell parts or small cells in vivo, while single-particle reconstruction is used for macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro only. Electron tomography can be done in TEM or in STEM, which stands for scanning transmission electron microscopy. STEM is mainly used for thick biological specimens. It...

key terms and concepts

Learn how TIRF microscopy uses evanescent waves to excite fluorophores near a glass surface, with prism-based and objective-based setups.

Surface-Only Imaging with TIRF Microscopy | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Biologie cellulaire illustre les processus cellulaires complexes dans des leçons vidéos complètes mais faciles à comprendre. Cette collection se concentre sur les composants et fonctions essentiels de la cellule ; cela inclut les organelles et les membranes ainsi que le transport et le métabolisme énergétique cellulaire. Elle est complétée par nos vidéos de scientifiques à l'action qui démontrent l'application de la biologie cellulaire dans des expériences concrètes.

Surface-Only Imaging with TIRF Microscopy

Description

Transcript

Tags