Atp Biosensors
Atp Biosensors - Related Videos
10:00
Use of Enzymatic Biosensors to Quantify Endogenous ATP or H2O2 in the Kidney
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Cited by 12 •
2015
Enzymatic microelectrode biosensors enable real-time measurements of extracellular cell signaling in biologically-relevant concentrations. The following protocols extend the applications of biosensors to the ex vivo and in vivo detection of ATP and H2O2 in the kidney.
12:22
Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells
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Cited by 46 •
2013
We describe the use of two ratiometric, genetically encoded biosensors, which are based on GFP, to monitor mitochondrial redox state and ATP levels at subcellular resolution in living yeast cells.
01:31
ATP Yield
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2019
Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle). The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is comprised of four main protein complexes and an ATP synthase. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to these complexes, which pump protons into the intermembrane space. This distribution of...
08:32
The ATP Bioluminescence Assay
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2023
In fireflies, the luciferase enzyme converts a compound called luciferin into oxyluciferin, and produces light or “luminescence” as a result. This reaction requires energy derived from ATP in order to proceed, so researchers have exploited the luciferase-luciferin interaction to gauge ATP levels in cells. Given ATP’s role as the cell’s currency of energy, the ATP bioluminescence assay can provide insight into cellular metabolism and overall cell health.In this video, JoVE discusses cellular...
01:08
Hydrolysis of ATP
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2019
The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids. If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...
FAQs
In the firefly luciferase reaction, ATP is one of the required inputs rather than merely a target detected indirectly. Luciferase combines ATP with luciferin, oxygen, and magnesium to generate light. Because the reaction links ATP availability to an optical output, measuring luminescence allows researchers to follow changes in cellular energy status and compare metabolic conditions.
Engineered fluorescent and bioluminescent reporters provide alternatives to the luciferase reaction. Instead of relying only on reaction-generated light, these designs translate ATP binding into a change in fluorescence or luminescence. That distinction matters when selecting a sensor for a bioengineering experiment, because the measured signal and its interpretation depend on the reporter architecture and optical readout.
Several conditions contribute to the observed signal. For luciferase-based sensing, luciferin, oxygen, and magnesium accompany ATP in the light-producing reaction, so they are part of the measurement context. Reporter engineering and the choice between optical and electrochemical readouts also shape how ATP changes appear. Accounting for these factors helps distinguish sensor behavior from biological variation.
A practical measurement workflow begins by selecting an ATP biosensor with an appropriate recognition strategy and readout, then applying it to cells, tissue, or an engineered system. The experimenter records the resulting optical or electrochemical signal, tracks it over time when real-time monitoring is needed, and relates the signal to ATP levels and physiological state.
ATP biosensors are especially useful when researchers need to observe energy dynamics in living cells, tissues, or engineered systems rather than rely on a single endpoint. Their signals can support studies of cellular metabolism, stress responses, and physiological state. In bioprocessing, the same measurements help evaluate process performance by showing how energy-related conditions change during operation.
Bioengineering applications extend beyond measuring native cellular behavior. Sensors can be incorporated into engineered systems and designed biological circuits to monitor how energy conditions relate to system function. This provides a functional measurement for assessing designed biological circuits, while preserving the broader ability to compare ATP dynamics across cells, tissues, and engineered settings.