Kupffer's Vesicle
Kupffer's Vesicle - Related Videos
03:53
Isolation and Culture of Mouse Kupffer Cells
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of Kupffer cells or liver macrophages from the mouse liver. The liver is perfused with a digestion solution followed by density gradient separation. The isolated adherent Kupffer cells can be used for further analysis.
08:11
Analysis of Gene Function and Visualization of Cilia-Generated Fluid Flow in Kupffer's Vesicle
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Cited by 19 •
2013
Cilia-generated fluid flow in Kupffer’s Vesicle (KV) controls left-right patterning of the zebrafish embryo. Here, we describe a technique to modulate gene function specifically in KV cells. In addition, we show how to deliver fluorescent beads into KV to visualize fluid flow.
09:49
Kupffer Cell Isolation for Nanoparticle Toxicity Testing
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Cited by 28 •
2015
Liver macrophages, named Kupffer cells, are responsible for the capture of circulating nanoparticles. We describe here a method, of high cell purity and yield, for Kupffer cell isolation. The modified LDH assay is used here to measure the toxicity induced by carbon nanotubes in Kupffer cells.
08:36
FM Dyes in Vesicle Recycling
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2023
FM dyes are a class of fluorescent molecules that has found important use in studying the vesicle recycling process. By virtue of a chemical structure, these molecules can insert themselves into the outer leaflet of phospholipid bilayer membranes. After membrane insertion, they are internalized into the cell via endocytosed vesicles, and released when these vesicles recycle back to the membrane. Since, these dyes fluoresce strongly in the hydrophobic environment within membranes and weakly in...
12:27
Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles
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Cited by 9 •
2012
This protocol details a method for the quantitative measure of peptide translocation into large unilamellar lipid vesicles. This method also provides information about the rate of membrane translocation and can be used to identify peptides that efficiently and spontaneously cross lipid bilayers.
FAQs
Motile cilia on the vesicle’s epithelial cells generate directional fluid flow, providing the physical cue for laterality. That flow is sensed near the vesicle and leads to asymmetric Nodal signaling on the embryo’s left side. Consequently, ciliary movement links a local fluid-dynamic event to a molecular signal that organizes left-right patterning.
Timing and transient organization matter because Kupffer’s vesicle functions during early embryonic development rather than throughout the organism’s life. Perturbing ciliary function, molecular signaling, or exposure conditions during this window can alter the sequence connecting flow with Nodal activity. This makes the system useful for relating an early chemical or cellular disturbance to laterality outcomes.
Chemical exposures can be examined alongside genetic manipulation to evaluate whether a compound affects ciliary function, molecular signaling, or both. If a compound changes the vesicle-associated process or asymmetric Nodal response, imaging and comparison with manipulated embryos can help identify a possible developmental mechanism. These experiments support evaluation of compounds that disrupt early patterning.
An investigation can combine embryonic imaging, genetic manipulation, and small-molecule screening. Imaging reveals developmental or signaling patterns, genetic approaches perturb selected biological components, and chemical screening tests compound-dependent effects. Used together, these approaches connect an observed laterality phenotype with candidate molecular or cellular mechanisms rather than treating the outcome as an isolated observation.
Imaging can show how changes near Kupffer’s vesicle relate to asymmetric Nodal signaling and embryonic patterning. In a chemical-biology or toxicology study, these observations provide mechanistic evidence about where a perturbation acts in the flow-to-signal sequence. The resulting data can help prioritize compounds or mechanisms for further study of laterality defects.
For chemistry, the vesicle offers a biological context in which small molecules can be tested against a defined developmental process: ciliary function, local sensing, Nodal asymmetry, and body patterning. Small-molecule screening therefore connects compound exposure with embryonic signaling outcomes, while developmental-toxicology studies can assess disruption associated with congenital laterality defects.