Musculoskeletal Exam
Musculoskeletal Exam - Related Videos
10:53
A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
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Cited by 14 •
2013
We describe a new ultrasound-based vector tissue Doppler imaging technique to measure muscle contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities. This approach provides complementary measurements of dynamic muscle function and could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders.
07:49
Isolating Stem Cells from Soft Musculoskeletal Tissues
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Cited by 21 •
2010
Isolating adult stem cells from musculoskeletal soft tissues based on the cell's adherence speed to flask.
07:44
Ophthalmoscopic Examination
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2023
Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA The simplest ophthalmoscopes consist of an aperture to look through, a diopter indicator, and a disc for selecting lenses. The ophthalmoscope is primarily used to examine the fundus, or the inner wall of the posterior eye, which consists of the choroid, retina, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels (Figure 1). The spherical eyeball...
35:03
Mental Status Examination
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2023
Source: Carmen Black, Matthew Goldenberg, and Jaideep Talwalkar; Yale School of Medicine The mental status exam is a clinical evaluation of emotional, perceptual, and cognitive functioning that spans both the fields of psychiatry and neurology. Developing skill in the psychiatric portions of the examination are important to describe salient aspects of the patient's mental state that may be observed during routine history and/or physical exam. Proficiency in the cognitive portions of this...
08:52
3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
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Cited by 34 •
2017
3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) allows fast and cost-effective morphometry of musculoskeletal tissues. We present a protocol to measure muscle volume and fascicle length using 3DUS.
FAQs
Comparing the symptomatic area with the opposite side provides an individual reference for appearance, movement, strength, and tenderness. This comparison can make asymmetry more apparent than examining the affected region alone. It is especially useful when normal variation is difficult to judge and helps clinicians identify abnormalities that may support localization of the problem.
Selected maneuvers place a joint, muscle, or related soft tissue under a specific movement or load that may reproduce the patient’s symptoms or reveal instability. The response adds functional information to findings from palpation and range-of-motion testing. Clinicians can then relate the reproduced symptom to a particular anatomic region rather than relying only on pain location.
Interpretation depends on the pattern formed by the history, examination findings, and functional limitations. Localized pain, restricted movement, weakness, or instability may support a musculoskeletal source, while findings that do not fit a local pattern can prompt consideration of neurologic or systemic disorders. This distinction helps determine whether additional evaluation beyond the affected area is warranted.
History gives clinical meaning to observed pain, weakness, restricted function, or other findings. It helps the clinician connect examination results with the patient’s reported problem and decide which regions or maneuvers deserve attention. Combining these sources of information improves localization and supports decisions about imaging, laboratory testing, treatment, or referral.
A structured assessment commonly proceeds from history to inspection, palpation, range-of-motion testing, strength assessment, and selected symptom-reproducing or stability maneuvers. The clinician may compare findings with the opposite side throughout the process. Organizing the examination in this way promotes consistent assessment of bones, joints, muscles, and related soft tissues.
Further action is considered when the examination and history identify findings that require clarification, management, or specialist input. The results may help localize pathology, reveal weakness or instability, or suggest that symptoms do not arise solely from a local musculoskeletal condition. These findings guide whether imaging, laboratory testing, treatment, or referral is appropriate.
Repeating the examination provides objective follow-up data rather than relying only on the patient’s impression of change. Clinicians can compare pain, movement, strength, function, and other findings over time with earlier results. This trend helps assess recovery and determine whether the patient is responding to rehabilitation or whether the plan may need reconsideration.