Seizure Onset Zone Localization
Seizure Onset Zone Localization - Related Videos
04:40
Simultaneous Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography to Identify Seizure-Prone Brain Regions
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2025
Source: Papadelis, C., et al., Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy. J. Vis. Exp. (2016). This video demonstrates the method of using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings to identify interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) to locate seizure-prone regions in the brain.
07:35
Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
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2025
The protocol introduces an innovative method for analyzing and visualizing behaviors associated with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. This approach extends beyond traditional Racine's scores, providing a more comprehensive evaluation of the diversity and temporal dynamics of ictal behaviors.
09:07
Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Cited by 4 •
2017
Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression. ECS globally stimulates activity in the hippocampus, leading to synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Here, we describe methods for ECS induction in rats and for subcellular fractionation of their hippocampi to examine seizure-induced changes in synaptic proteins.
02:15
Handling-Induced Seizures in a Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates the induction of handling-induced seizures in a mouse infected with Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV). The infected mouse, which has hyperexcitable neurons, is exposed to external physical stimuli. This exposure causes stress, leading to abnormal electrical activity in the neurons, which results in seizures.
09:11
Neurocircuit Assays for Seizures in Epilepsy Mutants of Drosophila
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Cited by 6 •
2009
Using high frequency electrical stimulation, seizure-like activity can be induced in Drosophila. This activity is easily recorded from the giant fiber system.
FAQs
Clinicians seek agreement among seizure history, scalp EEG, MRI, and functional or invasive recordings. Each source contributes a different kind of evidence: clinical observations describe the event, EEG tracks electrical activity, and MRI shows structural findings. Comparing these streams helps determine whether they point toward the same region rather than relying on one test alone.
Intracranial electrodes provide recordings closer to the suspected region than scalp electrodes. Clinicians may use them when scalp EEG, MRI, and clinical information do not sufficiently resolve the relevant area. This added electrical detail can strengthen comparison between seizure activity and anatomy, helping the team refine treatment planning while preserving attention to nearby eloquent cortex.
The surgical target must be separated from surrounding eloquent cortex, meaning brain tissue associated with important neurological functions. This distinction creates a balance between addressing tissue linked to seizures and avoiding harm to functionally important areas. Careful localization therefore supports more individualized planning and may reduce the risk of neurological deficits or incomplete seizure control.
Scalp EEG supplies information about electrical activity recorded from the scalp, whereas MRI contributes structural findings. Their relationship matters because electrical patterns and anatomical findings can be evaluated together rather than interpreted independently. Functional recordings may add another perspective when structural and scalp findings do not fully clarify the suspected region.
The evaluation assembles seizure history, scalp EEG, MRI, and other functional data for comparison. If uncertainty remains, clinicians may add invasive recordings through intracranial electrodes. The resulting findings are reviewed against the suspected seizure-generating tissue and nearby eloquent cortex, creating an individualized basis for planning a possible surgical approach.
It is especially relevant in drug-resistant epilepsy when clinicians are evaluating whether surgery should be considered. The assessment can help identify tissue to address while accounting for nearby eloquent cortex. This information supports individualized treatment planning and may reduce the chance of incomplete seizure control or neurological deficits.