In Vivo Brain Scanning
In Vivo Brain Scanning - Related Videos
07:34
Delivery of Antibodies into the Brain Using Focused Scanning Ultrasound
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Cited by 6 •
2020
Presented here is a protocol to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) either focally or throughout a mouse brain to deliver fluorescently-labeled antibodies and activate microglia. Also presented is a method to detect the delivery of antibodies and microglia activation by histology.
08:39
Ex vivo Culturing of Whole, Developing Drosophila Brains
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Cited by 16 •
2012
This article describes a method by which one can mimic in vivo development of the Drosophila mushroom body in an ex vivo culture system.
07:47
Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Cited by 32 •
2016
Mitochondrial visualization and analysis from mammalian brain tissue is a challenging task. Here, we describe how three dimensional (3D) reconstruction analysis from the serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) can be used to gain insights on the morphological and volumetric analysis of this critical energy generating organelle.
13:31
Single Cell Electroporation in vivo within the Intact Developing Brain
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Cited by 26 •
2008
Single-cell electroporation (SCE) is a specialized technique allowing delivery of DNA or other macromolecules into individual cells within intact tissue, including in vivo preparations. Here we detail the procedure for SCE of a fluorescent dye or plasmid DNA into neurons within the intact brain of the Xenopus laevis tadpole.
05:32
A High-performance Compact Photoacoustic Tomography System for In Vivo Small-animal Brain Imaging
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Cited by 11 •
2017
A compact pulsed-laser diode-based photoacoustic tomography (PLD-PAT) system for high-speed in vivo brain imaging in small animals is demonstrated.
FAQs
The measurement target determines what a scan can reveal. Structural imaging describes brain form, whereas functional approaches examine activity-related signals or blood flow. Molecular imaging, exemplified by PET, uses radiolabeled tracers to map metabolism or receptor distribution. Separating these signal types helps investigators match an imaging method to a specific neuroscience question rather than treating all scans as interchangeable.
Functional MRI does not measure neural activity in the same way as a direct electrophysiological recording. Instead, it detects changes in blood oxygenation associated with neural activity. This relationship lets researchers examine activity across living brains while interpreting the result as an activity-related blood signal. Pairing fMRI with electrophysiological or behavioral data can strengthen links between measured signals and behavior.
PET relies on radiolabeled tracers, allowing researchers to map metabolism or receptor distribution. Magnetic resonance methods use magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses, supporting measurements of brain structure; functional MRI additionally detects blood oxygenation changes associated with neural activity. The distinction is therefore based on the signal and biological property measured, which guides modality selection for a study.
A scan provides a biological measurement, but behavior supplies an observable outcome and electrophysiology provides another type of neural evidence. Comparing these data streams can connect brain signals with cognition or other behavior more directly than imaging alone. This combined strategy is especially useful when researchers need to relate neural-system measurements to what an organism does.
Researchers apply these methods to questions about cognition, development, neurological disease, and treatment response. Because scans can be collected from living organisms, investigators can examine neural systems in relation to these processes without removing tissue. The resulting measurements support both basic neuroscience studies and evaluations of how brain-related conditions or interventions change over time.
Repeated scans allow researchers to track changes within the same living organism over time. This design can reveal how brain measurements develop, change with disease, or respond to treatment, rather than providing only a single snapshot. Longitudinal data therefore add a time dimension to structural, activity-related, blood-flow, or molecular observations.