In Vivo Mrs
In Vivo Mrs - Related Videos
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
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Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
10:05
In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking
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Cited by 21 •
2013
We describe a general protocol for in vivo cell tracking using MRI in a mouse model with ex vivo labeled cells. A typical protocol for cell labeling, image acquisition processing and quantification is included.
09:18
In vivo Laser Axotomy in C. elegans
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Cited by 46 •
2011
A protocol to cut neurons in C. elegans with a MicroPoint pulsed laser is presented. We describe setting up the system, immobilizing worms, and severing labeled neurons. Advantages include a relatively low-cost system and the ability to sever neuronal processes or ablate cells in vivo.
05:26
Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation
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Cited by 5 •
2011
We demonstrate an in vivo electroporation protocol for transfecting single or small clusters of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and other retinal cell types in postnatal mice over a wide range of ages. The ability to label and genetically manipulate postnatal RGCs in vivo is a powerful tool for developmental studies.
07:15
Transient Optical Clearing Using Absorbing Molecules for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging
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Cited by 1 •
2025
Optical clearing techniques, such as absorbing molecules solutions, reduce light scattering temporarily to enhance biological imaging and offer biocompatible, reversible in vivo imaging strategies for deeply embedded organs. This protocol presents detailed experimental procedures as well as advanced image processing to achieve high-quality, dynamic imaging for real-time dynamics in living animals.
FAQs
In vivo MRS distinguishes compounds through metabolite-specific chemical shifts in the detected spectra. These shifts cause nuclei such as hydrogen to produce signals associated with different chemical environments, allowing researchers to identify and quantify compounds within a selected brain region. The resulting spectral pattern provides biochemical information that anatomical MRI alone cannot supply.
The magnetic field establishes the conditions needed to detect nuclei in living tissue, while radiofrequency pulses generate the signals used for measurement. In this context, hydrogen nuclei are especially important because their responses produce spectra containing metabolite-specific chemical shifts. Together, these components enable biochemical measurements from selected brain regions without requiring tissue removal.
These compounds represent different aspects of brain metabolism that can be examined through their spectral signals. N-acetylaspartate provides information related to neuronal integrity, creatine relates to energy metabolism, choline reflects membrane turnover, and lactate contributes metabolic information. Considering these signals together helps characterize biochemical changes in living neural tissue.
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging primarily describes brain anatomy, whereas in vivo MRS adds information about chemical composition and metabolism. This complementary perspective allows researchers to examine whether tissue changes are accompanied by altered neuronal integrity, energy metabolism, membrane turnover, or lactate-related signals. The combination therefore connects structural observations with biochemical measurements.
A measurement uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to detect nuclei from a selected brain region. The resulting signals are organized into a spectrum, where chemical shifts identify metabolite-related components. Researchers can then quantify compounds such as N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, and lactate, producing a biochemical profile for the sampled tissue.
Neuroscientists apply in vivo MRS across studies of brain development, aging, psychiatric conditions, neurological disease, and treatment-related metabolic changes. Its value lies in tracking biochemical information from living brain tissue rather than restricting analysis to anatomy. Comparing metabolite measurements across these contexts can reveal differences in neuronal integrity, energy metabolism, and membrane turnover.