Mediation Model
Mediation Model - Related Videos
08:42
A Standardized Murine Model with a Three-Person Workflow for Studying Acute Cellular and Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Xenotransplantation
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2026
This study establishes two standardized murine xenotransplantation models to specifically replicate acute cellular rejection and acute antibody-mediated rejection. These models serve as a reliable platform for investigating mechanisms of xenograft immune rejection, evaluating immunosuppressive strategies, and advancing preclinical xenotransplantation research.
03:22
Modeling Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis Using Opsonized Red Blood Cells In Vitro
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2026
Source: Nagre, N., et al. Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis and Bacteria Clearance in Mice. J. Vis. Exp. (2019).This video demonstrates the assessment of complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis using sheep red blood cells opsonized with IgM and complement, followed by their uptake by mouse macrophages. The extent of phagocytosis is quantified by measuring a blue chromogenic product formed through hemoglobin-catalyzed oxidation of diaminofluorene.
10:58
Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma
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Cited by 44 •
2015
Here we describe an efficient and versatile protocol to induce, monitor and analyze novel glioblastomas (GBM) using transposon DNA injected into the ventricles of neonatal mice. Cells of the subventricular zone, which take up the plasmid, transform, proliferate and generate tumors with histo-pathological characteristics of human GBM.
02:27
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
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2020
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs. Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
16:26
Setting-up an In Vitro Model of Rat Blood-brain Barrier (BBB): A Focus on BBB Impermeability and Receptor-mediated Transport
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Cited by 58 •
2014
The aim of the present study was to validate the reproducibility of an in vitro BBB model involving a rat syngeneic co-culture of endothelial cells and astrocytes. The endothelial cell monolayer presented high TEER and low LY permeability. Expression of specific TJ proteins, functional responses to inflammation and functionality of transporters and receptors were assessed.
FAQs
The direct effect represents the predictor’s association with the outcome after accounting for the mediator. The indirect effect is estimated from the predictor-to-mediator and mediator-to-outcome paths, indicating how much of the relationship is statistically transmitted through the intermediate neural or biological measure. Examining both effects helps researchers determine whether a proposed pathway contributes to an observed behavioral association.
Indirect effects combine estimates from multiple paths and may not follow a normal sampling distribution. Bootstrapping repeatedly resamples the observed data to estimate the variability of that combined effect, producing a confidence interval without relying on normality. In a Mediation Model, this interval helps researchers evaluate whether the estimated pathway is sufficiently distinct from zero for their analysis.
The mediator should represent a plausible intermediate process linking the predictor with the outcome, such as brain activity, connectivity, or neurotransmitter level. Its selection determines which neural pathway the analysis evaluates. For example, using a connectivity measure tests a different mechanistic account than using a neurotransmitter measure, even when the predictor and behavioral outcome remain unchanged.
A significant indirect effect supports the statistical consistency of a proposed pathway between a predictor and an outcome. It can therefore refine explanations of how a stimulus, neural measure, or intervention relates to behavior. However, the result alone does not establish causation, so researchers should not treat the modeled pathway as definitive evidence that the mediator produces the outcome.
Researchers first specify a predictor, an outcome, and a theoretically justified mediator. They then use regression or path analysis to estimate the predictor-to-mediator path, the mediator-to-outcome path, and the remaining direct effect. Finally, they evaluate the indirect effect, commonly with a bootstrapped confidence interval, and interpret the pattern in relation to the proposed neural mechanism.
This approach is useful when researchers want to examine whether a neural process helps explain a behavioral or clinical relationship. Studies of cognition may assess brain activity as an intermediate process, while disease or treatment-response studies may examine connectivity or neurotransmitter levels. The resulting pathway estimates can refine theoretical models and identify mechanisms for further investigation without replacing causal research designs.