Name: laboratory chemical spill response stations
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:57:05.000Z
Duration: 5 min 3 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.C.

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

1. Lavaggio degli occhi
<ol><li>Utilizzazioni<ol>
<li>Le stazioni di lavaggio oculare di emergenza utilizzano l'acqua per sciacquare materiali dannosi o corrosivi dagli occhi in caso di incidente</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Indicazioni<ol>
<li>Il lavaggio oculare di emergenza deve essere localizzato entro 10 secondi a piedi dal luogo in cui può verificarsi la contaminazione oculare. Non ci dovrebbero essere ostacoli che bloccano il percorso verso il lavaggio degli occhi, incluse ma non limitate alle porte. Il lavaggio oculare deve inoltre trovarsi sullo stesso pavimento dell'area contenente il pericolo.</li>
		<li>La stazione di lavaggio oculare di emergenza richiede acqua potabile come fonte d'acqua.</li>
		<li>La temperatura dell'acqua di lavaggio degli occhi deve essere mantenuta tra 60 ° F e 100 ° F (16 ° C - 38 ° C).</li>
		<li>L'acqua dovrebbe essere in grado di mantenere una portata di almeno 0,4 galloni al minuto per almeno 15 minuti, con una velocità di flusso abbastanza bassa da non danneggiare gli occhi dell'utente.</li>
		<li>Il lavaggio oculare dovrebbe poter essere aperto manualmente entro un secondo e l'acqua dovrebbe essere in grado di rimanere scorrevole fino a quando non viene spenta dall'utente.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Manutenzione<ol>
<li>Le stazioni di lavaggio degli occhi devono essere ispezionate ogni anno da un responsabile della salute e della sicurezza ambientale.</li>
		<li>Il personale di laboratorio deve ispezionare settimanalmente la stazione di lavaggio oculare di emergenza, facendo scorrere acqua per 3 minuti, per garantire il corretto funzionamento ed eliminare l'accumulo di sedimentazione nel lavaggio degli occhi. Dovrebbe essere mantenuto un giornale di bordo che documenti le ispezioni settimanali.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Operazione I seguenti passaggi devono essere utilizzati per azionare il lavaggio oculare di emergenza in caso di emergenza:<ol>
<li>Vai immediatamente alla stazione di lavaggio degli occhi in caso di esposizione chimica dannosa agli occhi. Non si deve perdere tempo per arrivare al lavaggio degli occhi poiché i primi secondi di esposizione potrebbero causare danni irreversibili agli occhi.</li>
		<li>Spingere la leva del lavaggio oculare per avviare il flusso dell'acqua.</li>
		<li>Tenere gli occhi contaminati aperti con le dita e immergere gli occhi nel flusso d'acqua per un minimo di 15 minuti. Arrotolare gli occhi per garantire un accurato lavaggio dell'intera area degli occhi.</li>
		<li>Se i contatti sono usurati, non fermarsi a rimuoverli prima di sciacquare gli occhi con acqua. Invece, rimuovere i contatti mentre gli occhi vengono lavati con acqua.</li>
		<li>Consultare un medico.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. Doccia da laboratorio
<ol><li>Utilizzazioni<ol>
<li>Le stazioni doccia di emergenza utilizzano l'acqua per sciacquare materiali dannosi o corrosivi dal corpo in caso di fuoriuscita accidentale di sostanze chimiche.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Indicazioni<ol>
<li>La doccia di emergenza deve essere posizionata entro 10 s a piedi dal luogo in cui si verifica la contaminazione del corpo. Non ci dovrebbero essere ostacoli che bloccano il percorso verso la doccia, incluse ma non limitate alle porte. La doccia deve inoltre essere posizionata sullo stesso piano dell'area contenente il potenziale pericolo.</li>
		<li>La fonte d'acqua della doccia deve essere acqua potabile.</li>
		<li>La temperatura dell'acqua deve essere mantenuta tra 60 ° F e 100 ° F (16 ° C - 38 ° C).</li>
		<li>L'acqua dovrebbe essere in grado di mantenere una portata di almeno 20 galloni al minuto per almeno 15 minuti.</li>
		<li>La doccia dovrebbe poter essere accesa in un massimo di un secondo e rimanere accesa fino a quando l'utente non la spegne.</li>
		<li>L'altezza della colonna d'acqua della doccia dovrebbe essere compresa tra 82 pollici e 96 pollici.</li>
		<li>Il diametro della colonna d'acqua dovrebbe essere di almeno 20 pollici a 60 pollici sopra il pavimento.</li>
		<li>Un recinto per la doccia dovrebbe avere un diametro di almeno 34 pollici. Le custodie non sono necessarie sulle docce di emergenza di laboratorio.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Manutenzione<ol>
<li>Le stazioni doccia devono essere ispezionate annualmente dal responsabile della salute e della sicurezza ambientale della tua organizzazione.</li>
		<li>Il personale di laboratorio dovrebbe ispezionare settimanalmente la stazione doccia di emergenza per garantire condizioni di lavoro adeguate. Dovrebbe essere mantenuto un giornale di bordo che documenti le ispezioni settimanali.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Operazione I seguenti passaggi devono essere utilizzati per far funzionare la stazione doccia di emergenza in caso di emergenza:<ol>
<li>Vai immediatamente alla stazione doccia in caso di esposizione chimica dannosa al corpo. Non si deve perdere tempo per arrivare alla doccia poiché i primi secondi di esposizione potrebbero causare danni irreversibili.</li>
		<li>Rimuovere eventuali indumenti, scarpe o altri indumenti contaminati. NON essere timido nel rimuovere i vestiti. Se la posizione primaria delle sostanze chimiche versate è in una parte vestita del corpo, saranno sature di sostanze chimiche. Rimuovere i vestiti con attenzione se entreranno in contatto con aree del corpo non esposte. In alcuni casi, potrebbe essere più appropriato tagliare i vestiti per una rimozione rapida e più sicura.</li>
		<li>Tirare la leva della doccia per avviare il flusso dell'acqua e sciacquare la zona interessata con acqua per almeno 15 minuti.</li>
		<li>Consultare un medico.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

Nel caso di una fuoriuscita di sostanze chimiche o di uno spruzzo che colpisce il corpo o gli occhi, l'individuo contaminato non dovrebbe perdere tempo ad accedere a un lavaggio oculare o a una stazione doccia di emergenza. Se la persona esposta non è sicura dei pericoli della fuoriuscita di sostanze chimiche, è sempre consigliabile utilizzare il lavaggio oculare o la doccia. Tuttavia, al fine di prevenire tali incidenti, è necessario indossare sempre un abbigliamento da laboratorio adeguato quando si maneggiano sostanze...

stazioni di lavaggio oculare e doccia di emergenza

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
L'Amministrazione per la sicurezza e la salute sul lavoro (OSHA) impone che un lavaggio oculare e una doccia di emergenza siano facilmente accessibili in tutti i luoghi di lavoro in cui una persona potrebbe essere esposta a sostanze dannose e / o corrosive. Le stazioni di lavaggio oculare e doccia di emergenza devono essere utilizzate in caso di incidente di laboratorio o sul posto di lavoro che comporti la fuoriuscita di una sostanza chimica dannosa e possibilmente corrosiva sul corpo o lo schizzo di tale sostanza chimica negli occhi. Le stazioni di lavaggio degli occhi e della doccia non sostituiscono tuttavia i dispositivi di protezione (DPI) adeguati, compresi i cappotti da laboratorio e gli occhiali protettivi, che dovrebbero sempre essere indossati quando si maneggiano sostanze chimiche pericolose. Per una corretta selezione dei DPI, fare riferimento all'ufficio Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) della propria organizzazione.

Stazioni di lavaggio oculare e doccia di emergenza

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that an emergency ...

Tutti i laboratori e i luoghi di lavoro in cui sono presenti sostanze chimiche pericolose saranno dotati di una stazione di emergenza per il lavaggio degli occhi e la doccia.Il collirio e la doccia di emergenza vengono utilizzati per eliminare le sostanze chimiche nocive o corrosive che entrano in contatto rispettivamente con gli occhi e la pelle.Questo video dimostrerà l'uso e la manutenzione corretti del collirio e della doccia di emergenza e discuterà le relative misure di sicurezza.Prima di maneggiare qualsiasi sostanza chimica, fare riferimento alle loro schede di sicurezza per acquisire familiarità con eventuali pericoli associati all'esposizione. Informare il responsabile del laboratorio e l'Ufficio Salute e Sicurezza Ambientale dei materiali e delle procedure in uso.Per ridurre il rischio di esposizione a sostanze chimiche, indossare indumenti protettivi, come camici da laboratorio, occhiali e guanti.Maneggiare le sostanze chimiche pericolose sotto le cappe chimiche per ridurre ulteriormente la possibilità di inalazione.Le stazioni di lavaggio oculare di emergenza utilizzano l'acqua per eliminare i materiali pericolosi o corrosivi dagli occhi in caso di esposizione.Prima di lavorare con sostanze chimiche pericolose, assicurarsi che non vi siano ostacoli, scale o porte tra l'area di lavoro e il collirio. Allestisci lo spazio di lavoro sullo stesso piano, in modo che il collirio possa essere raggiunto in meno di 10 secondi.In caso di esposizione a una sostanza nociva o sconosciuta, recarsi immediatamente al lavaggio oculare. Il tempo è fondamentale, poiché il danno maggiore tende a verificarsi nei primi secondi di esposizione. Non fermarti per pulire le fuoriuscite o rimuovere le lenti a contatto.Attivare la leva del lavaocchi. Questo avvia il flusso dell'acqua.Infine, tenendo le palpebre aperte, immergi gli occhi nel flusso. Arrotolarli, per consentire un lavaggio completo. Rimuovere le lenti a contatto mentre si stanno lavando gli occhi. Lavare per almeno 15 minuti, quindi consultare un medico.Le docce di emergenza lavano la pelle con materiali pericolosi o corrosivi. Come nel caso del collirio, il percorso dallo spazio di lavoro alla doccia deve essere libero da ostacoli, porte o scale. Non dovrebbero essere necessari più di 10 secondi per passare dallo spazio di lavoro alla doccia.Se la pelle è esposta a una sostanza nociva o sconosciuta, andare immediatamente sotto la doccia. Anche in questo caso, il danno maggiore derivante dalla contaminazione tende a verificarsi nei primi secondi di esposizione. Non fermarsi per pulire le fuoriuscite.Rimuovere rapidamente eventuali vestiti, scarpe o altri indumenti contaminati. Non esitare o sentirti timido, l'abbigliamento può trattenere i composti sulla pelle, causando ulteriori danni. Fare attenzione che gli indumenti contaminati non entrino in contatto con parti del corpo non esposte. Se necessario, tagliare i vestiti.Infine, tirare la leva della doccia per avviare il flusso dell'acqua. Questo avvia il flusso dell'acqua. Sciacquare l'area interessata per almeno 15 minuti, quindi consultare un medico.Per garantire un funzionamento sicuro, il collirio e la doccia devono rispettare le seguenti specifiche.Entrambi usano acqua potabile da 60 a 100 gradi Fahrenheit. Entrambi dovrebbero richiedere al massimo 1 s per accendersi e dovrebbero rimanere fluidi fino a quando l'utente non li spegne. Il collirio dovrebbe mantenere una portata di 0,4 galloni al minuto per almeno 15 minuti e la doccia a 20 galloni al minuto per almeno 15 minuti.La doccia dovrebbe produrre una colonna d'acqua alta tra 82 e 96 pollici con un diametro di almeno 20 pollici a un'altezza di 60 pollici. Se la doccia ha una cabina, la copertura deve avere un diametro di almeno 34 pollici.Il collirio e la doccia devono essere ispezionati settimanalmente dai tecnici di laboratorio, facendoli scorrere per 3 minuti e mantenendo i risultati in un registro. Inoltre, dovrebbe essere ispezionato annualmente da un responsabile della salute e della sicurezza ambientale. Hai appena visto l'introduzione di JoVE alle stazioni di lavaggio oculare e doccia di emergenza. A questo punto è necessario comprendere le misure di sicurezza pertinenti, le procedure operative per il lavaocchi e la doccia, le loro specifiche corrette e la manutenzione. Grazie per l'attenzione!

Education

Didattica

JoVE Science Education

Basic Biology

Biologia di base

Lab Safety

Sicurezza in Laboratorio

laboratory chemical spill response stations

Laboratory chemical spill response stations help protect people who are exposed to injurious or corrosive substances. In workplaces and school labs, OSHA requires emergency eyewash and shower stations to be easy to reach when these hazards are present.

These stations are used after an accident that spills a harmful chemical on the body or splashes it into the eyes. The eyewash station helps rinse the eyes, while the shower station is used for chemicals on the skin or clothing. They are meant for emergency cleanup after exposure, not for routine washing.

Emergency stations do not replace proper personal protective equipment, or PPE. Laboratory coats and protective eyewear should still be worn when handling hazardous chemicals. For help choosing the right PPE, students and staff should follow guidance from their organization’s Environmental Health and Safety, or EHS, office.

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations

laboratory-chemical-spill-response-stations

proper personal protective equipment

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present. Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab. This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit...

emergency eyewash and shower stations

Laboratory chemical spill response stations help protect people who are exposed to injurious or corrosive substances. In workplaces and school labs, OSHA requires emergency eyewash and shower stations to be easy to reach when these hazards are present. These stations are used after an accident that spills a harmful chemical on the body or splashes it into the eyes. The eyewash station helps rinse the eyes, while the shower station is used for chemicals on the skin or clothing. They are meant...

electrical safety

Preventing Lab Electric Shock and Fires

Electrical hazards are a common lab safety concern. Most laboratory equipment uses electricity to work, so students and lab staff must stay alert around cords, plugs, and powered devices. Improper use of electrical equipment can cause electric shock. In serious cases, this can lead to injury or death. Electrical sparks are also dangerous in the lab. They can start a fire or trigger an explosion. This risk matters because many flammable chemicals may be stored near powered instruments. Knowing...

working with centrifuges

Centrifuge Safety and Sample Separation

Centrifuges are used to separate heterogeneous mixtures by spinning particles in a fluid at high speed. The motion creates a force away from the axis of rotation. Heavier particles move faster toward the bottom of the sample holder, and the rate depends on particle size and density. This process is called centrifugation, and it speeds up sedimentation, which is the settling of particles out of a liquid. Gravity can separate some mixtures on its own, but that can take a long time.

working with hot and cold sources

Safe Use of Lab Heat and Cold Sources

Safe use of lab heat and cold sources is an important part of laboratory work. Extreme temperatures are common in many lab tasks. They can involve both high heat and very low temperatures. Bunsen burners and hot plates are widely used in research labs and industry. A Bunsen burner is a gas burner that gives a direct flame. A hot plate is an electric device that warms containers without an open flame. Because these tools reach high temperatures, users need to follow safe handling procedures. <br...

guidelines in case of a laboratory emergency

guidelines-in-case-of-a-laboratory-emergency

Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics

Lab spill and accident response basics help students stay safe during common laboratory emergencies. The most common lab emergencies include chemical spills, fire or explosion, electric shock, and personnel injuries. Many accidents happen because of poor planning or lack of attention, so prevention is always the first step. Good lab safety starts before an emergency happens. Students should wear proper personal protective equipment, or PPE, in the laboratory. Regular lab inspection and...

chemical storage: categories, hazards and compatibilities

chemical-storage-categories-hazards-and-compatibilities

Safe Chemical Labels and Storage Basics

Safe chemical storage and labeling help prevent dangerous reactions in school and research labs. Chemicals can vary widely in their properties and reactivity, so they must be managed, stored, and labeled correctly as part of an Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) program. If chemicals are not handled properly, they can create harmful or even destructive results. These risks include toxic fume production, fire, explosion, human fatality, property damage, and environmental hazards. Proper...

safe handling of mineral acids

Mineral Acids in the Lab

Mineral acids are common chemicals in research laboratories, and they must be handled with care. These acids, also called inorganic acids, are water-soluble acids formed from inorganic minerals by chemical reaction. Their corrosive nature makes them a major safety risk in the lab. Examples of mineral acids include boric acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. These acids are important reagents in research, and...

handling chemical spills

Chemical Spill Safety in the Lab

Chemical spill safety in the lab is essential whenever hazardous chemicals are used. Spills can happen at any time during laboratory work. Even a small spill can become dangerous if people are not prepared to respond quickly and correctly. Preparing for a chemical spill helps protect public health and the environment. Lab teams need to know how to respond to accidental releases of hazardous chemicals before an emergency happens. Safe cleanup also depends on proper disposal of the spilled...

proper use of autoclaves

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely

Autoclaving lab materials safely is an important part of decontamination in the laboratory. This method is commonly used for items that have contacted biological samples, especially those that may contain microorganisms. An autoclave cleans materials with pressurized steam at a high temperature. The steam and heat work together to kill microorganisms on the loaded items. For this reason, effective autoclaving depends on good steam flow and strong heat transfer. Packaging matters because it...

fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets

Airflow Controls for Safer Lab Workspaces

Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are airflow controls used in laboratories. They both rely on a constant stream of air to protect the lab environment and the people in it. These systems work in similar ways, but they serve different purposes. A fume hood is a ventilation system that helps reduce exposure to hazardous vapors, fumes, and particles. Air is drawn into the hood opening, which helps keep harmful substances inside the workspace. The air is then pulled out through the exhaust. A...

handling air- and water-sensitive chemicals using a schlenk line

handling-air-and-water-sensitive-chemicals-using-a-schlenk-line

Schlenk Line Setup for Inert Atmospheres

A Schlenk line helps chemists work with air- and water-sensitive chemicals. It provides an air-free way to handle reagents that can react with oxygen or moisture. This makes it useful in a chemical laboratory when careful control of the atmosphere is needed. The glass apparatus is commonly used because it can create an inert gas environment or a vacuum. Inert gases such as nitrogen and argon can be used to protect the reaction. The same setup can also expose glassware to vacuum when needed. A...

proper operation of vacuum based equipment

proper-operation-of-vacuum-based-equipment

Vacuum Pumps for Laboratory Procedures

Vacuum pumps are used in many laboratory procedures that need low pressure. They help create vacuum conditions for experiments and equipment that must run below normal atmospheric pressure. In the lab, vacuum pumps are the most common way to achieve this low-pressure environment. They can also support rapid changes in the atmosphere inside a reactor or flask. This is done by evacuating the vessel and then backfilling it with another gas.

operating the glovebox

Glovebox Atmosphere and Sample Transfer

A glovebox is an enclosed workspace that keeps an inert atmosphere inside. Scientists use built-in gloves to handle chemicals or equipment without exposing the inside of the box to outside air. The box uses positive pressure to help make up for small passive leaks. Objects can be moved in and out through an antechamber, which works like an airlock between the glovebox and the outside atmosphere. Some gloveboxes have more than one pair of gloves. The number of glove ports depends on the size...

operation of high-pressure reactor vessels

operation-of-high-pressure-reactor-vessels

Safe Use of Pressure Vessels in Chemistry

High-pressure reactor vessels are used in synthetic chemistry to handle gases safely during reactions. They help chemists carry out gas-based processes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and amination. These reactions often use hydrogen, oxygen, or ammonia, which are important reagents in the lab. These gases usually dissolve poorly in standard reaction mixtures. Because of that, high pressure is needed to make the reaction proceed at a useful rate. The vessel creates a sealed space that keeps...

decontamination for laboratory biosafety

Lab Cleaning Methods for Biosafety

Laboratory cleaning methods are a key part of biosafety because microbial contamination can build up and spread disease. Decontamination is used to reduce that risk on lab surfaces and equipment. The level of cleaning depends on how much contamination is present and what kind of item needs treatment. Decontamination can be grouped into disinfection and sterilization. Disinfection removes pathogenic microorganisms, but it does not remove bacterial spores on lab surfaces or equipment.

proper waste disposal

Lab Waste Management and Safety

Lab waste management and safety are essential parts of any laboratory activity. Waste generated during work must be handled correctly from the moment it is created until it reaches its final offsite disposal facility. Poor waste disposal can seriously harm public health and the environment. A waste management system should be planned before any lab work begins. This system guides how waste is collected, stored, and prepared for removal. For hazardous waste, special rules apply because its...

lab safety

Questa collezione fornisce linee guida di sicurezza da seguire quando si lavora con materiali e attrezzature pericolosi. Copre argomenti universali come i DPI, la sicurezza elettrica e le linee guida generali per le emergenze, oltre ad alcune procedure di sicurezza specifiche per i laboratori di chimica e biologia.

Learn when emergency eyewash and shower stations are required in labs, how they respond to chemical spills, and why PPE like lab coats and goggles is still needed.

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations | JoVE K12

Chemistry

CHEM.1

CHEM.1.C

Biology

BIO.1

BIO.1.C

Physics

PHYS.1

PHYS.1.C

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.C

Robert Rioux

Overview

Basic Safety Measures

Emergency Eyewash

Emergency Shower

Specifications and Maintenance

Summary

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...

Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A ...

Ask questions and define problems related to specialized topics of study based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

112.51.c.1.A.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used to solve problems and explain phenomena. The development of the scientific method coincided with changes in philosophy ...

Demonstrating the Scientific Method with Tree Branches
ExpandObtain branches containing a few dozen typical leaves from five different local tree species. ...

Observation and Background Research
ExpandNOTE: The first two steps in the scientific process involve studying and observing natural phenomena of ...

Problem-Solving

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective ...

Problem Definition

Problem definition is the initial and the most essential step in research.
The researcher identifies and explains the specific issue or gap to be ...

Apply science practices related to specialized topics of study to plan and conduct investigations or use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

112.51.c.1.B.

Proper Personal Protective Equipment

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Hazards are many and varied in the laboratory, but the right ...

Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical ...

Working with Centrifuges

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Earth's gravitational force is capable of separating ...

Working with Hot and Cold Sources

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, ...

Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

Chemical Storage: Categories, Hazards And Compatibilities

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
While the use of various chemicals in experimental ...

Safe Handling of Mineral Acids

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is defined as a ...

Handling Chemical Spills

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Since chemicals are commonly used for laboratory research ...

Proper Use of Autoclaves

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Autoclaving is one of the most commonly used methods in the ...

Fume Hoods and Laminar Flow Cabinets

Robert M. Rioux &amp; William A. Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are engineering controls ...

Decontamination for Laboratory Biosafety

Robert M. Rioux and Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Decontamination is essential for laboratory biosafety, as the ...

Proper Waste Disposal

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

Lab Techniques

Measurement Accuracy
The ability to repeat an experiment and get the same results, or reproducibility, is essential in scientific research. However, ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Preparation of LaboratoryExpand
	Here we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Determining the Density of an EggExpand
	Density is a measure of how compact a substance or ...

Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

Organic Lab Notebook Keeping
Record keeping is a vital skill in science and organic chemistry labs. Without proper notes, descriptions, quantities, or ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Preparation of the LaboratoryExpand
	Here, we show the laboratory preparation ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Nitration of Methyl BenzoateExpand
	From this lab onward, ...

Use tools appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.D.

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

Measurement is integral to analytical chemistry. Each record comprises a number &#8211; denoting the magnitude&#160; &#8211; and the unit &#8211; a ...

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is ...

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...

Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...

Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) or qualitative data as evidence as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.E.

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

What is a Frequency Distribution

A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the ...

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

A cumulative frequency distribution is another type of frequency distribution. Instead of reporting how many data values fall in some classes, it reports ...

Ogive Graph

An ogive graph is sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon. It is one type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequency. In other words, ...

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data ...

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show ...

Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the ...

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each ...

Organize quantitative or qualitative data using representations appropriate to the specialized topic of study such as scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, scientific drawings, and student-prepared models;

112.51.c.1.F.

Modeling and Similitude

A scaled model of a dam is tested in a controlled environment to observe how it will manage water flow, turbulence, and pressure.
This setup predicts the ...

Typical Model Studies

Typical model studies analyze scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior, focusing on interactions with free surfaces and flow around immersed bodies.
...

design-example-creating-a-hydraulic-model-of-a-dam-spillway

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

A hydraulic model of a dam spillway is often created by scaling down the design, typically to a 1:15 ratio, to replicate key flow characteristics such as ...

Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.1.G.

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to explain phenomena or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations

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