Name: Time-Series Graph
Uploaded: 2022-01-25T10:05:33-05:00
Duration: 54 s
Description: A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time.

Chapter 2: Summarizing and Visualizing Data Back To Chapter

2.11: Time-Series Graph

TABLE OF
CONTENTS

X

Chapter 1: Understanding Statistics

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1.1: Introduction to Statistics
30
1.2: How Data are Classified: Categorical Data
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1.3: How Data are Classified: Numerical Data
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1.4: Nominal Level of Measurement
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1.5: Ordinal Level of Measurement
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1.6: Interval Level of Measurement
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1.7: Ratio Level of Measurement
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1.8: Data Collection by Observations
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1.9: Data Collection by Experiments
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1.10: Data Collection by Survey
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1.11: Random Sampling Method
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1.12: Systematic Sampling Method
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1.13: Convenience Sampling Method
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1.14: Stratified Sampling Method
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1.15: Cluster Sampling Method

Chapter 2: Summarizing and Visualizing Data

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2.1: Review and Preview
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2.2: What is a Frequency Distribution
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2.3: Construction of Frequency Distribution
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2.4: Relative Frequency Distribution
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2.5: Percentage Frequency Distribution
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2.6: Cumulative Frequency Distribution
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2.7: Ogive Graph
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2.8: Histogram
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2.9: Relative Frequency Histogram
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2.10: Scatter Plot
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2.11: Time-Series Graph
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2.12: Bar Graph
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2.13: Multiple Bar Graph
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2.14: Pareto Chart
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2.15: Pie Chart

Chapter 3: Measure of Central Tendency

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3.1: What is Central Tendency?
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3.2: Arithmetic Mean
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3.3: Geometric Mean
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3.4: Harmonic Mean
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3.5: Trimmed Mean
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3.6: Weighted Mean
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3.7: Root Mean Square
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3.8: Mean From a Frequency Distribution
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3.9: What is a Mode?
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3.10: Median
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3.11: Midrange
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3.12: Skewness
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3.13: Types of Skewness

Chapter 4: Measures of Variation

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4.1: What is Variation?
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4.2: Range
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4.3: Standard Deviation
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4.4: Standard Error of the Mean
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4.5: Calculating Standard Deviation
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4.6: Variance
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4.7: Coefficient of Variation
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4.8: Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation
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4.9: Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation
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4.10: Chebyshev's Theorem to Interpret Standard Deviation
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4.11: Mean Absolute Deviation

Chapter 5: Measures of Relative Standing

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5.1: Review and Preview
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5.2: Introduction to z Scores
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5.3: z Scores and Unusual Values
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5.4: Percentile
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5.5: Quartile
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5.6: 5-Number Summary
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5.7: Boxplot
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5.8: What Are Outliers?
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5.9: Modified Boxplots

Chapter 6: Probability Distributions

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6.1: Probability in Statistics
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6.2: Random Variables
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6.3: Probability Distributions
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6.4: Probability Histograms
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6.5: Unusual Results
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6.6: Expected Value
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6.7: Binomial Probability Distribution
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6.8: Poisson Probability Distribution
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6.9: Uniform Distribution
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6.10: Normal Distribution
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6.11: z Scores and Area Under the Curve
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6.12: Applications of Normal Distribution
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6.13: Sampling Distribution
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6.14: Central Limit Theorem

Chapter 7: Estimates

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7.1: What are Estimates?
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7.2: Sample Proportion and Population Proportion
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7.3: Confidence Intervals
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7.4: Confidence Coefficient
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7.5: Interpretation of Confidence Intervals
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7.6: Critical Values
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7.7: Margin of Error
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7.8: Sample Size Calculation
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7.9: Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation
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7.10: Estimating Population Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation
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7.11: Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean

Chapter 8: Distributions

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8.1: Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter
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8.2: Degrees of Freedom
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8.3: Student t Distribution
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8.4: Choosing Between z and t Distribution
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8.5: Chi-square Distribution
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8.6: Finding Critical Values for Chi-Square
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8.7: Estimating Population Standard Deviation
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8.8: Goodness-of-Fit Test
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8.9: Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests
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8.10: Contingency Table
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8.11: Introduction to Test of Independence
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8.12: Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
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8.13: Determination of Expected Frequency
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8.14: Test for Homogeneity
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8.15: F Distribution

Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing

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9.1: What is a Hypothesis?
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9.2: Null and Alternative Hypotheses
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9.3: Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level
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9.4: P-value
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9.5: Types of Hypothesis Testing
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9.6: Decision Making: P-value Method
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9.7: Decision Making: Traditional Method
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9.8: Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?
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9.9: Errors In Hypothesis Tests
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9.10: Testing a Claim about Population Proportion
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9.11: Testing a Claim about Mean: Known Population SD
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9.12: Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD
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9.13: Testing a Claim about Standard Deviation

Chapter 10: Analysis of Variance

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10.1: What is an ANOVA?
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10.2: One-Way ANOVA
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10.3: One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes
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10.4: One-Way ANOVA: Unequal Sample Sizes
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10.5: Multiple Comparison Tests
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10.6: Bonferroni Test
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10.7: Two-Way ANOVA

Chapter 11: Correlation and Regression

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11.1: Correlation
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11.2: Coefficient of Correlation
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11.3: Calculating and Interpreting the Linear Correlation Coefficient
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11.4: Regression Analysis
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11.5: Outliers and Influential Points
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11.6: Residuals and Least-Squares Property
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11.7: Residual Plots
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11.8: Variation
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11.9: Prediction Intervals
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11.10: Multiple Regression

Chapter 12: Statistics in Practice

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12.1: What is an Experiment?
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12.2: Study Design in Statistics
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12.3: Observational Studies
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12.4: Experimental Designs
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12.5: Randomized Experiments
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12.6: Crossover Experiments
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12.7: Controls in Experiments
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12.8: Bias
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12.9: Blinding
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12.10: Clinical Trials

Full Table of Contents

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TRANSCRIPT

Quantitative data collected at different time points are called time-series data.

For example, consider the increase in water temperature when heated. Such data sets with a time factor can be visualized using the time-series graph.

Begin by measuring the temperature of the water at regular intervals and noting it in a table. Next, plot a graph with time represented on the X-axis and temperature on the Y-axis.

Then, mark the measured temperature at each time interval and draw a continuous line connecting all these data points. Using this graph, one can conclude that it took 15 minutes to bring water to 100 degrees Celsius.

Other examples of time-series graphs include the stock price of a company, pulse rate, and weather reports.

2.11: Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct a time-series graph, one must look at both pieces of a paired data set. The horizontal axis is used to plot the time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that one is measuring. By using the axes in this way, each point on the graph will correspond to time and a measured quantity. The points on the graph are typically connected by straight lines in the order in which they occur.

Time-series graphs are important tools in various statistical applications. When recording values of the same variable over an extended period of time, sometimes it is difficult to discern any trend or pattern. However, once the same data points are displayed graphically, some features jump out. Time-series graphs make trends easy to spot.

Chapter 1: Understanding Statistics

Chapter 2: Summarizing and Visualizing Data

Chapter 3: Measure of Central Tendency

Chapter 4: Measures of Variation

Chapter 5: Measures of Relative Standing

Chapter 6: Probability Distributions

Chapter 7: Estimates

Chapter 8: Distributions

Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing

Chapter 10: Analysis of Variance

Chapter 11: Correlation and Regression

Chapter 12: Statistics in Practice

2.11: Time-Series Graph

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