Ruthenium Precatalyst
Ruthenium Precatalyst - Related Videos
10:51
The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Cited by 4 •
2015
Ruthenium phosphine complexes are widely used for homogeneous catalytic reactions such as hydrogenations. The synthesis of a series of novel tridentate ruthenium complexes bearing the N-triphos ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 is reported. Additionally, the stoichiometric reaction of a dihydride Ru–N-triphos complex with levulinic acid is described.
03:03
Double-Staining Method: A Technique to Visualize Plant-Fungus Interactions Using Ruthenium Red and Lactophenol Cotton Blue
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2025
This video demonstrates a double staining method using ruthenium red and lactophenol cotton blue to visualize pectins and chitins during plant-fungus interactions in a coffee rust plant. The procedure helps understand plant defense mechanisms during fungal infections.
07:12
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor
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Cited by 5 •
2017
A protocol for the synthesis, purification, and characterization of a ruthenium-based inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uptake is presented. A procedure to evaluate its efficacy in permeabilized mammalian cells is demonstrated.
10:39
Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Cited by 3 •
2018
A removable water-soluble N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand in aqueous media via host-guest interaction has been developed. We demonstrated representative olefin metathesis reactions in water as well as in dichloromethane. Via either host-guest interaction or extraction, the residual ruthenium (Ru) catalyst was as low as 0.14 ppm after the reaction.
08:46
Dose Uptake of Platinum- and Ruthenium-based Compound Exposure in Zebrafish by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Broader Applications
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2022
The increased rate of pharmaco- and toxicokinetic analyses of metals and metal-based compounds in zebrafish can be advantageous for environmental and clinical translation studies. The limitation of unknown waterborne exposure uptake was overcome by conducting trace metal analysis on digested zebrafish tissue using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
FAQs
Activation can proceed through ligand dissociation, ligand exchange, reduction, or a change in coordination geometry. These changes expose or generate a reactive ruthenium center that can bind substrates and participate in bond-making or bond-breaking steps. Which pathway dominates depends on the reaction conditions and the precatalyst structure, making activation chemistry central to catalytic performance.
Ligand dissociation or exchange changes the coordination environment around ruthenium, which affects how readily substrates bind and how the metal mediates chemical steps. Precatalyst design therefore influences both activity and selectivity. A suitable ligand environment can also improve compatibility with the reaction conditions, while an unsuitable one may delay formation of the active species or limit productive transformation.
An induction period arises when the active ruthenium species forms gradually rather than being available immediately. Ligand loss, ligand exchange, reduction, or geometric reorganization can precede substrate conversion, so the activation pathway affects how quickly catalysis begins. Monitoring this delay helps distinguish slow precatalyst conversion from intrinsically slow chemistry and informs comparisons between catalyst designs.
The precatalyst is the deliberately supplied, stable ruthenium compound, whereas the active catalyst is the reactive ruthenium species generated under the reaction conditions. Their structures may differ because activation can remove or replace ligands, alter oxidation state through reduction, or change coordination geometry. This distinction explains why the isolated starting material may not directly perform the catalytic bond-making or bond-breaking step.
Selection should connect the precatalyst structure with the intended transformation and reaction environment. Important considerations include how readily it can undergo ligand dissociation, ligand exchange, reduction, or geometric reorganization, as well as the resulting effects on activity, selectivity, induction period, and condition compatibility. This approach is more informative than choosing solely from the stable form used for storage.
In hydrogenation and olefin metathesis, the supplied ruthenium compound must generate a reactive metal center under the reaction conditions. The resulting species can then engage the substrates through catalytic bond-making or bond-breaking processes. Precatalyst structure is relevant because it helps determine activation behavior, reaction control, and whether the system performs efficiently under the conditions required for the selected transformation.
Ruthenium precatalysts support several important classes of synthetic chemistry, including hydrogenation, olefin metathesis, oxidation, and C–H functionalization. These applications differ in the transformations being mediated, but all depend on producing a suitable reactive ruthenium center. Designing the precursor around activation behavior can help align catalytic activity, selectivity, and compatibility with the conditions of each reaction.
Useful outcomes include the observed catalytic activity, product selectivity, length of the induction period, and compatibility with the reaction conditions. Comparing these features across precatalysts can show whether differences arise from activation rate or from later catalytic steps. Such comparisons guide the development of ruthenium systems for controlled chemical transformations and help connect molecular design with synthetic performance.