Neural Control
Neural Control - Related Videos
01:18
Neural Control of Respiration
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2024
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles. Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
11:16
Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
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Cited by 15 •
2014
Neural-machine interfaces (NMI) have been developed to identify the user's locomotion mode. These NMIs are potentially useful for neural control of powered artificial legs, but have not been fully demonstrated. This paper presented (1) our designed engineering platform for easy implementation and development of neural control for powered lower limb prostheses and (2) an experimental setup and protocol in a laboratory environment to evaluate neurally-controlled artificial legs on patients with...
11:15
Electric Field-controlled Directed Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells in 2D and 3D Environments
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Cited by 22 •
2012
This protocol demonstrates methods used to establish 2D and 3D environments in custom-designed electrotactic chambers, which can track cells in vivo/ex vivo using time-lapse recording at the single cell level, in order to investigate galvanotaxis/electrotaxis and other cellular responses to direct current (DC) electric fields (EFs).
10:32
Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays
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Cited by 5 •
2016
Neural stem cells (NSCs) refer to cells which can self-renew and differentiate into the three neural lineages. Here, we describe a protocol to determine NSC frequency in a given cell population using neurosphere formation and differentiation under clonal conditions.
09:48
Neural Activity Propagation in an Unfolded Hippocampal Preparation with a Penetrating Micro-electrode Array
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Cited by 2 •
2015
We have developed an in vitro unfolded hippocampus which preserves CA1-CA3 array of neurons. Combined with the penetrating micro-electrode array, neural activity can be monitored in both the longitudinal and transverse orientations. This method provides advantages over hippocampal slice preparations as the propagation in the entire hippocampus can be recorded simultaneously.
FAQs
Electrical impulses carry information along neurons, while synapses transfer signals between cells through chemical signaling. This division allows neural pathways to relay sensory information, process it, and influence target functions. Because signaling occurs across connected pathways rather than at a single site, disruptions may affect movement, sensation, cognition, or organ regulation in different ways.
Sensory feedback continuously reports changing conditions to the nervous system, allowing ongoing adjustment of motor, autonomic, and physiological activity. This feedback helps responses remain appropriate as internal or external conditions change. Clinically, impaired feedback can contribute to abnormal movement, altered sensation, or disrupted organ regulation, making sensory assessment important when evaluating neural dysfunction.
Neural control operates across several functional domains rather than producing movement alone. Motor activity supports physical responses, autonomic regulation influences organ function, and cognitive processing contributes to interpretation and response selection. Examining these domains together can reveal whether a problem primarily affects movement, sensation, cognition, or physiological regulation, or whether several functions are disrupted.
The outcome depends on the integrity of neural pathways, the transmission of electrical impulses, synaptic chemical signaling, and the quality of sensory feedback. A disturbance at any of these stages can change the resulting response. The clinical pattern therefore varies with the functions affected, ranging from neuropathy-related sensory problems to impaired regulation after spinal cord injury.
Clinical evaluation examines functions that depend on coordinated neural activity, including movement, sensation, cognition, and organ function. Findings from these domains help clinicians identify patterns consistent with conditions such as neuropathy, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, or autonomic regulation disorders. The assessment connects observable functional changes with possible disruption of neural pathways or signaling.
These approaches become relevant when neural pathways are disrupted and function must be restored, supported, or modified. Rehabilitation addresses recovery of affected abilities, neuromodulation alters neural activity, and neuroprosthetic design seeks to support disrupted pathways. Their clinical importance lies in translating knowledge of neural control into strategies for movement, sensation, or physiological function.