Caudate Putamen
Caudate Putamen - Related Videos
07:22
Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy Combined with Caudate Lobe Resection
0 Views •
2025
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma of the caudate lobe is a challenge for many surgeons due to its unique location. Here, we present a protocol to show the step-by-step details of laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy combined with caudate lobe resection for cholangiocarcinoma.
08:49
Presynaptic Dopamine Dynamics in Striatal Brain Slices with Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry
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Cited by 18 •
2012
Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure electrically evoked presynaptic dopamine dynamics in striatal brain slices.
12:31
A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain
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Cited by 32 •
2012
This video presentation shows a method of harvesting the two most important highly vascular structures that support forebrain function. They are the cerebral surface (superficial) vasculature along with associated meninges (MAV) and the choroid plexus which are necessary for cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis.
04:46
Targeting Liver Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses via the Hepatic Artery
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2025
The video demonstrates locoregional delivery of oncolytic viruses through hepatic arterial injection as a therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma. These viruses selectively replicate in tumor cells, inducing cell lysis and releasing tumor cell-associated antigens. This process triggers immunogenic cell death, inducing an anti-tumor response.
05:22
Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
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2026
The protocol presents a step-by-step laparoscopic protocol for radical resection of Bismuth-Corlette type IIIb perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. The procedure integrates preoperative PTCD, complex vascular dissection and repair, and biliary reconstruction for application in high-volume hepatobiliary centers.
FAQs
These pathways provide distinct routes through which dopamine can modulate activity in the caudate putamen. Their coordinated operation helps the basal ganglia select and refine motor programs rather than treating every possible action equally. Studying this organization helps explain how signals related to movement are transformed into more focused behavioral outputs.
Cerebral cortical and thalamic neurons provide excitatory glutamatergic signals to the principal medium spiny neurons. These inputs convey information that the caudate putamen can integrate while evaluating movement, learning, and behavior. Their convergence supports the selection of actions in relation to current neural signals and the outcomes associated with those actions.
Dopamine from the substantia nigra does not simply provide another excitatory input. It modulates the activity of medium spiny neurons through the direct and indirect pathways, thereby influencing how incoming cortical and thalamic information affects circuit output. This modulation is important for linking action selection with movement control and behavioral consequences.
The circuitry combines signals involved in motor control with information about actions and their outcomes. As a result, the caudate putamen contributes not only to selecting a motor program but also to learning which behaviors are associated with particular consequences. This relationship makes the region relevant to both movement studies and reinforcement learning research.
Research on the caudate putamen can examine how basal ganglia circuits select and refine movement, how actions become linked with outcomes, and how these processes support reinforcement learning. The region therefore provides a useful neural context for studying the interaction between motor programs, behavioral choices, and outcome-related learning.
Its position within basal ganglia circuitry makes the caudate putamen relevant to disorders that affect movement and behavior. Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease are specifically associated with research on this region because changes in its circuitry can be considered alongside motor program selection, pathway modulation, and the refinement of actions.
The caudate putamen is called the striatum in many species, so researchers may use different anatomical terms when comparing findings across experimental systems. Recognizing this terminology helps place studies in a broader neuroscience context while preserving the region’s relevance to movement, learning, behavioral outcomes, and basal ganglia circuitry.