Name: lab spill and accident response basics
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:57:27.000Z
Duration: 5 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.C.

guidelines-in-case-of-a-laboratory-emergency

Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

1. 一般救急
<ol><li>緊急事態の種類によっては、特定のガイドラインに従います。ただし、緊急事態の任意のタイプのためにいくつかの一般的な原則があります。</li>
	<li>まず自分の安全を守るし、冷静さを保ちます。</li>
	<li>ローカルの緊急時対応や安全部門 (すなわち、環境、健康と安全 (EHS)) を呼び出すとき、緊急事態を報告することが可能。</li>
	<li>何が起こったかの近隣の人々 に知らせる、ときに応じて緊急警報を引き出します。</li>
</ol>2. 化学物質を流出します。
化学物質を必要とする研究室で作業する場合、化学物質の流出は最も共通の事故です。不適切または不注意な開く、処理、または化学薬品の貯蔵は、化学物質の流出する可能性があります。非有害化学物質の大量流出や有害化学物質流出の流出でも少量は、研究者の命を脅かす可能性があります。したがって、注意は、化学物質を扱うときに取られるし、常に適切な個人保護用具 (PPE) 流出の場合身体の露出を防ぐためを着用する必要があります。
<ol><li>周囲にこぼれる化学<ol>
<li>化学物質の流出の領域を特定し、流出のあなたの研究室の同僚を通知します。避難場所と地域周辺の流出、必要があるとき。</li>
		<li>流出した化学物質や化学物質が流出しているの量を識別します。有害性、流出した化学物質の量に応じて適切な措置が取られる必要があります。化学の安全データシート (SDS) ハザード評価を参照してください。</li>
		<li>マイナーな流出は 1 ガロン未満低危険化学物質や有害化学物質の 20 mL 未満の流出を参照してください。<ol>
<li>任意のアクションを取る前に、まず適切な PPE を着用します。化学物質に身体の露出を避けるために注意する必要があります。</li>
			<li>可能であれば、さらに問題を避けるために流出元を変更します。</li>
			<li>可能であれば、化学物質は可燃性熱・発火源の近くにいずれかをオフに。</li>
			<li>流出した化学物質からの蒸気の吸入を避けます。これは、有毒な揮発性化学物質に特に適用されます。</li>
			<li>流出キットを見つけて、閉じ込めると、流出領域を含む適切なキットのツールを使用します。</li>
			<li>化学物質は、酸性または自然で基本的な場合、流出をカバーし、流出を中和する適当な吸着剤を使用します。</li>
			<li>残渣を収集し、適当な容器内に配置。</li>
			<li>すべての化学物質の流出の廃棄物を処分する EHS に報告します。</li>
			<li>詰め替え流出キット。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>主要な流出は流出高有害化学物質の 20 mL 以上の低危険化学物質の 1 ガロンを超えるを参照してください。メジャー流出が発生した: 場合<ol>
<li>確保し、こぼれたエリアを避難します。</li>
			<li>近く全員がメジャー流出が発生したことを認識していることを確認します。</li>
			<li>緊急時対応または EHS に電話します。</li>
			<li>PPE を着用時にも主要な流出をクリーンアップするため絶対にしないでください。</li>
			<li>可能であれば、流出に露出することがなく電源をシャット ダウン、すべての熱源にこぼれた化学物質が可燃性である場合。</li>
			<li>彼らが到着したときにこぼれた領域を識別する救急隊員を助けます。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>体に化学物質の流出<ol>
<li>すぐに少なくとも 15 分の安全シャワーを使って体をこぼしたすべての化学薬品を洗浄します。こぼれた化学と衣服を飽和している場合は、すぐに服を削除します。</li>
		<li>流出が目にはねた場合洗眼をすぐに使用、少なくとも 15 分開く目完全な洗浄をできるようにします。眼球洗浄を開始した後にコンタクト レンズを削除しようとします。</li>
		<li>こぼれた化学物質が強力な酸の場合は、過度または痛みを伴う火災を避けるために洗浄する前にまず残基を一掃します。</li>
		<li>化学物質にさらなる暴露を避けるために直ちに汚染された衣服を削除します。</li>
		<li>緊急援助と流出付近人々 に警告のためローカル レスポンダーまたは EHS を呼び出します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. 火災または爆発
<ol><li>火災や爆発が過熱、漏洩、または可燃性物質、または過度の熱、開いた炎にさらされるガスの流出から発生するまたは実験室の電気火花します。可燃性または爆発性の化学物質を扱うときに注意し、熱や近くに電気火花を避けます。電気機器、火災または爆発を防ぐために熱源を安全に運用します。</li>
	<li>個々 の衣料品を含む火事の場合は、それは火を加速させる可能性がありますので実行しないでください。停止、顔を覆っている手で地面にドロップして、火災を消火するロールします。できれば、安全シャワーを使用して、火を消します。</li>
	<li>研究室の火災や爆発の場合まず安全し、緊急時対応をすぐに助けを求めます。</li>
	<li>建物から避難安全に火災報知器を引くか、可能であれば近くの人々、通知します。</li>
	<li>エレベーターを使用しないでください。階段を使用し、最寄りの出口を探します。</li>
	<li>可能であれば、避難する前に電力をシャット ダウンします。</li>
	<li>煙がある場合は、口と鼻をカバーするぬれたタオルを使用します。</li>
	<li>小さな火事の時に適切な消火を使用し、容易な出口消火に失敗した場合に使用できることを確認します。ここでは消火器の種類を記載と型を使用するそれぞれの消火器に状況を説明しました。<ol>
<li>火災の種類。 クラス a: 紙、木、服など普通可燃性固体。 クラス b: 可燃性塗料や石油ガソリンなどの引火性液体ガス プロパン、メタン ブタンなど。 クラス c: 家電、モーターなどの電気機器。 クラス d: 可燃性金属ナトリウム、アルミニウム、カリウムなど。 クラス k: 冷却油、動物や植物油などのグリース。</li>
		<li>消火器の種類。<ol>
<li>水と泡: クラス A 火災のみのため。クラス B または C 火災には適しません。熱の減少によって火を消す水、泡と泡がオブジェクトから酸素を分離するのに役立ちます。</li>
			<li>二酸化炭素: クラス B および C のため発生します。クラス A 火災には有効ではありません。二酸化炭素は熱を取り去るをオブジェクトから酸素を分離し消火します。</li>
			<li>乾燥した化学薬品: 多目的乾燥した化学薬品は、クラス A、B、C および通常乾燥化学工場のクラス B および C のみです。乾燥した化学薬品は化学反応を中断することによって消火します。</li>
			<li>湿式化学: クラス K の消防だけ。ウエットは熱を除去することによって火災を消火し、燃料要素から酸素を分離します。</li>
			<li>きれいなエージェント: クラス B および C. クリーン消火器は、化学反応を中断するハロンまたはハロカーボンのエージェントを使用します。</li>
			<li>電源を乾燥した: のクラス D のみ。乾燥力は熱を奪うし、火災を消火する酸素を分離します。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>まず安全であることし、可能であれば他の人を助けます。</li>
	<li>第 2 の火または爆発の注意してください。</li>
</ol>4. 人員傷害
<ol><li>化学物質の流出、火災、爆発、ほかに起こる電気ショックなどの実習で熱火傷、出血、または中毒にかもしれない他の多くの事故があります。ここでは、職員の怪我のためにいくつかの一般的な原則です。<ol>
<li>任意のアクションを取る前に状況を評価します。</li>
		<li>まず、彼らに起こったの意識している場合に、その人に聞いてください。人が無意識または応答しない場合、傷害の可能な兆候を探します。</li>
		<li>人が危険にある場合、ローカルの緊急時対応をすぐに呼び出します。</li>
		<li>差し迫った危険が存在しない限り、怪我の人事を移動しないでください。</li>
		<li>場合は、個人は、可能な場合はまず、電源をシャット ダウン、電気ショックを受けています。素手で人を触れないでください。木材、ガラス、ゴムなどの非導べ電性の材料を使用して、電気接点から人を抽出します。</li>
		<li>軽い切り傷から出血している場合は、汚染を避けるために、最初の援助物資を扱う水で洗い流してください。カットがより深刻な場合は医療援助を求めます。</li>
		<li>ために、可能な場合は応急処置開始。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

どの程度詳細な安全規制がどんな所で緊急事態が起こるかもしれません。緊急事態が発生した場合はありませんパニックし、追加の操作を試みる前に、まずあなたの安全を確保します。状況を評価し、支援のためローカルの緊急機関を呼び出します。重傷、緊急時対応、適切な知識がなくても任意の操作を実行しないでくださいになるまで待ちます。軽傷のため、必要なときに応急キットを使用します。

ラボで作業する前に、事前に可能な実験室の事故の注意し、次の安全規制で事故を防ぐ。有害化学物質や厳しい作業条件を扱うときは注意が必要。事故のすべての種類のなすべきことを事前に計画します。緊急時に冷静を保ち、まずご自身の安全に出席するため。次に、支援と緊急事態とその潜在的な影響に人々 に警告のためローカルの緊急時対応を呼び出します。損傷または傷害を減らすための適切な行動を取る。

研究所緊急ガイドライン

ロバート ・ m ・ Rioux ・ Zhifeng ・ チェン、ペンシルバニア州立大学、大学公園、PA
最も一般的な実験室の緊急事態には、化学物質の流出、火災や爆発、電気ショック、人員傷害が含まれます。ほとんどの実験室の事故は、貧しい人々 の計画や注意不足のため発生します。したがって、それは常に緊急時の行為を取ることよりも (プロアクティブされている) 事故を防ぐために優れて (再アクティブされている)。たとえば、常に実験室で適切な個人用保護具 (PPE) を着用します。通常実験室検査と機器のメンテナンスは実験室の事故を防ぐために有益です。ただし、緊急事態が発生すると、また、何をするかを知ることが不可欠です。まずあなたの個人の安全性の確保、必要に応じてローカルの緊急時対応を呼び出します。あなたの応答の程度は、事件の深刻さによって異なります、このような事件に対処するための実験室のプロトコルを文書化します。静かなご滞在し、型と緊急事態のレベルに応じて適切なアクションを実行します。

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

安全規則が守られていても、研究室で緊急事態が発生する可能性があります。したがって、事故が発生した場合の対処方法を知っておくことが重要です。実験室での事故の最も一般的な3つのタイプは、化学物質の流出、火災と爆発、および人員の負傷です。いずれにせよ、常に落ち着いて、安全な場所に移動したら地元の緊急対応者に連絡し、何が起こったのかを近くの人々に知らせる必要があります。こぼれは最も一般的な事故であり、このコレクションの別のビデオで詳しく説明しています。火災や爆発は通常、過熱、可燃性化学物質のこぼれ、または熱、炎、または電気火花にさらされたガスによって発生します。火災や爆発を防ぐためには、電気機器や熱源を安全に操作することが重要です。人身傷害には、感電、火傷、創傷、化学物質への曝露など、ラボ内の幅広いカテゴリが含まれます。これらは、正しいガイドラインに従わなかったり、機器の誤動作が原因である可能性があります。それぞれのケースで特定のアクションが必要ですが、負傷者の安全を確保するために従うべき一般原則があります。典型的な緊急事態の原因のいくつかを理解したところで、火災や人身傷害への対処方法を見てみましょう。万が一、個人の衣服に火事が発生した場合は、火事を加速させる可能性があるため、絶対に走らないでください。立ち止まり、手で顔を覆って地面に落とし、転がって火を消します。可能であれば、安全シャワーを使用して火を消してください。詳細については、安全シャワーに関するビデオをご覧ください。実験室での火災や爆発が発生した場合は、まず安全を確保し、すぐに緊急対応者に助けを求めてください。可能であれば、その地域から避難する前に電源を切ってください。大量の煙から身を守るために、濡れたタオルで口と鼻を覆います。火災報知器を引いて、建物から安全に避難してください。エレベーターは運転中に損傷する可能性があるため、階段を使用してください。小さな火災は消火器で封じ込めることができますが、火災の種類によっては正しい消火器を使用することが重要です。クラスAの火災には、紙や衣服などの通常の可燃性固体が含まれます。クラスBの火災には、ガソリンやブタンなどの可燃性の液体やガスが含まれます。Cタイプの火災は電気機器によって引き起こされますが、クラスDの火災はナトリウムなどの可燃性金属です。最後に、クラスKの火災はグリース火災です。泡、二酸化炭素、化学薬品などの正しいタイプの消火器を手元の火に一致させることは、炎の広がりや悪化を防ぐために重要です。人身傷害は幅広い状況をカバーします。行動を起こす前に、常に状況にアクセスしてください。その人が意識がある場合は、何が起こったのかを尋ねてください。その人が意識を失っているか反応がない場合は、怪我の可能性のある兆候を探してください。その人が危険にさらされていると思われる場合は、すぐに地元の緊急事態に電話してください。負傷者を深刻な脅威から取り除く必要がない限り、負傷者を動かさないでください。感電した場合は、可能であればまず電源を切ってください。木材、ガラス、ゴムなどの非導電性材料を使用して、人を電気接点から引き離します。軽度の切り傷や擦り傷から出血している場合は、汚染を避けるために水で洗い流し、応急処置用品で治療してください。深刻な切り傷については、医療支援を求めてください。援助を待っている間、その人を暖かく落ち着かせてください。知識があり、助ける意思がある場合は、応急処置を開始して助けてください。JoVEの実験室事故の場合の緊急時ガイドラインの紹介をご覧になりました。これで、火災、爆発、または人身事故の場合の対処方法を理解する必要があります。ご覧いただきありがとうございます!

Education

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Basic Biology

基礎生物学

Lab Safety

ラボの安全管理

lab spill and accident response basics

Lab spill and accident response basics help students stay safe during common laboratory emergencies. The most common lab emergencies include chemical spills, fire or explosion, electric shock, and personnel injuries. Many accidents happen because of poor planning or lack of attention, so prevention is always the first step.

Good lab safety starts before an emergency happens. Students should wear proper personal protective equipment, or PPE, in the laboratory. Regular lab inspection and equipment maintenance also help prevent accidents and keep the workspace safer.

If an emergency does happen, the first priority is personal safety. Call local emergency responders when needed, but only when the situation calls for it. The response should match the seriousness of the incident and follow the laboratory's written protocols.

Staying calm is important during any lab emergency. The right action depends on the type and level of the event. Safe, careful response helps limit harm while support is on the way.

Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics

proper personal protective equipment

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present. Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab. This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit...

emergency eyewash and shower stations

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations

Laboratory chemical spill response stations help protect people who are exposed to injurious or corrosive substances. In workplaces and school labs, OSHA requires emergency eyewash and shower stations to be easy to reach when these hazards are present. These stations are used after an accident that spills a harmful chemical on the body or splashes it into the eyes. The eyewash station helps rinse the eyes, while the shower station is used for chemicals on the skin or clothing. They are meant...

electrical safety

Preventing Lab Electric Shock and Fires

Electrical hazards are a common lab safety concern. Most laboratory equipment uses electricity to work, so students and lab staff must stay alert around cords, plugs, and powered devices. Improper use of electrical equipment can cause electric shock. In serious cases, this can lead to injury or death. Electrical sparks are also dangerous in the lab. They can start a fire or trigger an explosion. This risk matters because many flammable chemicals may be stored near powered instruments. Knowing...

working with centrifuges

Centrifuge Safety and Sample Separation

Centrifuges are used to separate heterogeneous mixtures by spinning particles in a fluid at high speed. The motion creates a force away from the axis of rotation. Heavier particles move faster toward the bottom of the sample holder, and the rate depends on particle size and density. This process is called centrifugation, and it speeds up sedimentation, which is the settling of particles out of a liquid. Gravity can separate some mixtures on its own, but that can take a long time.

working with hot and cold sources

Safe Use of Lab Heat and Cold Sources

Safe use of lab heat and cold sources is an important part of laboratory work. Extreme temperatures are common in many lab tasks. They can involve both high heat and very low temperatures. Bunsen burners and hot plates are widely used in research labs and industry. A Bunsen burner is a gas burner that gives a direct flame. A hot plate is an electric device that warms containers without an open flame. Because these tools reach high temperatures, users need to follow safe handling procedures. <br...

guidelines in case of a laboratory emergency

Lab spill and accident response basics help students stay safe during common laboratory emergencies. The most common lab emergencies include chemical spills, fire or explosion, electric shock, and personnel injuries. Many accidents happen because of poor planning or lack of attention, so prevention is always the first step. Good lab safety starts before an emergency happens. Students should wear proper personal protective equipment, or PPE, in the laboratory. Regular lab inspection and...

chemical storage: categories, hazards and compatibilities

chemical-storage-categories-hazards-and-compatibilities

Safe Chemical Labels and Storage Basics

Safe chemical storage and labeling help prevent dangerous reactions in school and research labs. Chemicals can vary widely in their properties and reactivity, so they must be managed, stored, and labeled correctly as part of an Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) program. If chemicals are not handled properly, they can create harmful or even destructive results. These risks include toxic fume production, fire, explosion, human fatality, property damage, and environmental hazards. Proper...

safe handling of mineral acids

Mineral Acids in the Lab

Mineral acids are common chemicals in research laboratories, and they must be handled with care. These acids, also called inorganic acids, are water-soluble acids formed from inorganic minerals by chemical reaction. Their corrosive nature makes them a major safety risk in the lab. Examples of mineral acids include boric acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. These acids are important reagents in research, and...

handling chemical spills

Chemical Spill Safety in the Lab

Chemical spill safety in the lab is essential whenever hazardous chemicals are used. Spills can happen at any time during laboratory work. Even a small spill can become dangerous if people are not prepared to respond quickly and correctly. Preparing for a chemical spill helps protect public health and the environment. Lab teams need to know how to respond to accidental releases of hazardous chemicals before an emergency happens. Safe cleanup also depends on proper disposal of the spilled...

proper use of autoclaves

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely

Autoclaving lab materials safely is an important part of decontamination in the laboratory. This method is commonly used for items that have contacted biological samples, especially those that may contain microorganisms. An autoclave cleans materials with pressurized steam at a high temperature. The steam and heat work together to kill microorganisms on the loaded items. For this reason, effective autoclaving depends on good steam flow and strong heat transfer. Packaging matters because it...

fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets

Airflow Controls for Safer Lab Workspaces

Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are airflow controls used in laboratories. They both rely on a constant stream of air to protect the lab environment and the people in it. These systems work in similar ways, but they serve different purposes. A fume hood is a ventilation system that helps reduce exposure to hazardous vapors, fumes, and particles. Air is drawn into the hood opening, which helps keep harmful substances inside the workspace. The air is then pulled out through the exhaust. A...

handling air- and water-sensitive chemicals using a schlenk line

handling-air-and-water-sensitive-chemicals-using-a-schlenk-line

Schlenk Line Setup for Inert Atmospheres

A Schlenk line helps chemists work with air- and water-sensitive chemicals. It provides an air-free way to handle reagents that can react with oxygen or moisture. This makes it useful in a chemical laboratory when careful control of the atmosphere is needed. The glass apparatus is commonly used because it can create an inert gas environment or a vacuum. Inert gases such as nitrogen and argon can be used to protect the reaction. The same setup can also expose glassware to vacuum when needed. A...

proper operation of vacuum based equipment

proper-operation-of-vacuum-based-equipment

Vacuum Pumps for Laboratory Procedures

Vacuum pumps are used in many laboratory procedures that need low pressure. They help create vacuum conditions for experiments and equipment that must run below normal atmospheric pressure. In the lab, vacuum pumps are the most common way to achieve this low-pressure environment. They can also support rapid changes in the atmosphere inside a reactor or flask. This is done by evacuating the vessel and then backfilling it with another gas.

operating the glovebox

Glovebox Atmosphere and Sample Transfer

A glovebox is an enclosed workspace that keeps an inert atmosphere inside. Scientists use built-in gloves to handle chemicals or equipment without exposing the inside of the box to outside air. The box uses positive pressure to help make up for small passive leaks. Objects can be moved in and out through an antechamber, which works like an airlock between the glovebox and the outside atmosphere. Some gloveboxes have more than one pair of gloves. The number of glove ports depends on the size...

operation of high-pressure reactor vessels

operation-of-high-pressure-reactor-vessels

Safe Use of Pressure Vessels in Chemistry

High-pressure reactor vessels are used in synthetic chemistry to handle gases safely during reactions. They help chemists carry out gas-based processes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and amination. These reactions often use hydrogen, oxygen, or ammonia, which are important reagents in the lab. These gases usually dissolve poorly in standard reaction mixtures. Because of that, high pressure is needed to make the reaction proceed at a useful rate. The vessel creates a sealed space that keeps...

decontamination for laboratory biosafety

Lab Cleaning Methods for Biosafety

Laboratory cleaning methods are a key part of biosafety because microbial contamination can build up and spread disease. Decontamination is used to reduce that risk on lab surfaces and equipment. The level of cleaning depends on how much contamination is present and what kind of item needs treatment. Decontamination can be grouped into disinfection and sterilization. Disinfection removes pathogenic microorganisms, but it does not remove bacterial spores on lab surfaces or equipment.

proper waste disposal

Lab Waste Management and Safety

Lab waste management and safety are essential parts of any laboratory activity. Waste generated during work must be handled correctly from the moment it is created until it reaches its final offsite disposal facility. Poor waste disposal can seriously harm public health and the environment. A waste management system should be planned before any lab work begins. This system guides how waste is collected, stored, and prepared for removal. For hazardous waste, special rules apply because its...

lab safety

このコレクションは、危険な物質や機器を扱う際に従うべき安全ガイドラインを提供します。これは、PPE(個人用防護具)、電気安全、一般的な緊急ガイドラインなどの普遍的なトピックス、ならびに化学および生物学の実験室に特異的な安全手順を含んでいます。

Learn how to prepare for and respond to common laboratory emergencies like spills, fire, electric shock, and injuries using safe, calm lab procedures.

Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics | JoVE K12

Chemistry

CHEM.1

CHEM.1.C

Biology

BIO.1

BIO.1.C

Physics

PHYS.1

PHYS.1.C

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.C

Robert Rioux

Overview

Fire or Explosions

Personal Injury

Summary

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...

Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A ...

Ask questions and define problems related to specialized topics of study based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

112.51.c.1.A.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used to solve problems and explain phenomena. The development of the scientific method coincided with changes in philosophy ...

Demonstrating the Scientific Method with Tree Branches
ExpandObtain branches containing a few dozen typical leaves from five different local tree species. ...

Observation and Background Research
ExpandNOTE: The first two steps in the scientific process involve studying and observing natural phenomena of ...

Problem-Solving

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective ...

Problem Definition

Problem definition is the initial and the most essential step in research.
The researcher identifies and explains the specific issue or gap to be ...

Apply science practices related to specialized topics of study to plan and conduct investigations or use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

112.51.c.1.B.

Proper Personal Protective Equipment

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Hazards are many and varied in the laboratory, but the right ...

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that an emergency ...

Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical ...

Working with Centrifuges

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Earth's gravitational force is capable of separating ...

Working with Hot and Cold Sources

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, ...

Chemical Storage: Categories, Hazards And Compatibilities

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
While the use of various chemicals in experimental ...

Safe Handling of Mineral Acids

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is defined as a ...

Handling Chemical Spills

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Since chemicals are commonly used for laboratory research ...

Proper Use of Autoclaves

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Autoclaving is one of the most commonly used methods in the ...

Fume Hoods and Laminar Flow Cabinets

Robert M. Rioux &amp; William A. Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are engineering controls ...

Decontamination for Laboratory Biosafety

Robert M. Rioux and Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Decontamination is essential for laboratory biosafety, as the ...

Proper Waste Disposal

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

Lab Techniques

Measurement Accuracy
The ability to repeat an experiment and get the same results, or reproducibility, is essential in scientific research. However, ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Preparation of LaboratoryExpand
	Here we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Determining the Density of an EggExpand
	Density is a measure of how compact a substance or ...

Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

Organic Lab Notebook Keeping
Record keeping is a vital skill in science and organic chemistry labs. Without proper notes, descriptions, quantities, or ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Preparation of the LaboratoryExpand
	Here, we show the laboratory preparation ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Nitration of Methyl BenzoateExpand
	From this lab onward, ...

Use tools appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.D.

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

Measurement is integral to analytical chemistry. Each record comprises a number &#8211; denoting the magnitude&#160; &#8211; and the unit &#8211; a ...

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is ...

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...

Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...

Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) or qualitative data as evidence as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.E.

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

What is a Frequency Distribution

A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the ...

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

A cumulative frequency distribution is another type of frequency distribution. Instead of reporting how many data values fall in some classes, it reports ...

Ogive Graph

An ogive graph is sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon. It is one type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequency. In other words, ...

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data ...

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show ...

Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the ...

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each ...

Organize quantitative or qualitative data using representations appropriate to the specialized topic of study such as scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, scientific drawings, and student-prepared models;

112.51.c.1.F.

Modeling and Similitude

A scaled model of a dam is tested in a controlled environment to observe how it will manage water flow, turbulence, and pressure.
This setup predicts the ...

Typical Model Studies

Typical model studies analyze scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior, focusing on interactions with free surfaces and flow around immersed bodies.
...

design-example-creating-a-hydraulic-model-of-a-dam-spillway

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

A hydraulic model of a dam spillway is often created by scaling down the design, typically to a 1:15 ratio, to replicate key flow characteristics such as ...

Models, Theories, and Laws

Scientists frequently use models to help them comprehend a specific collection of phenomena. In physics, a model is a condensed version of a physical ...

/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14686.jpg

Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.1.G.

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to explain phenomena or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics

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