Meiji University 2 articles published in JoVE Behavior Testing Animal Anxiety in Rats: Effects of Open Arm Ledges and Closed Arm Wall Transparency in Elevated Plus Maze Test Yasuyuki Horii1, Iain McTaggart2, Maiko Kawaguchi1 1Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 2Laboratory of Agri-environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University Rats' anxiety-like behavior tested by the elevated plus maze varies highly depending on the testing environment. Here we show how apparatus settings, especially arm structure, affect behavior on the maze, and we explain a reliable protocol to detect effects of anxiolytic drugs. This report will contribute to anxiety research. Behavior fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task J. Adam Noah1, Yumie Ono2, Yasunori Nomoto2, Sotaro Shimada2, Atsumichi Tachibana3, Xian Zhang1, Shaw Bronner1, Joy Hirsch1,5 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 2Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, Meiji University, 3Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 4ADAM Center, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, 5Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine We present a method to compare functional brain activity recorded during a naturalistic task using fNIRS with activity recorded during fMRI.