Name: choosing the right lab ppe
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:59:19.000Z
Duration: 5 min 37 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.C.

Proper Personal Protective Equipment

1. 최소 PPE
<ol><li>실험실에 들어갈 때, PPE의 최소 한도를 착용해야합니다. 여기에는 안전 안경(나중에 설명), 긴 바지 및 폐토 신발이 포함됩니다. 이것은 실험실에서 일반적인 위험으로부터 기본적인 보호를 제공합니다. 또한, 긴 머리는 다시 묶여 있어야하고 매달려 보석을 착용해서는 안됩니다.</li>
</ol>2. 장갑
<ol><li>당신의 손은 종종 실험실에서 위험에 가장 가까운 신체 부위입니다. 따라서 장갑은 적절한 PPE의 필수적인 부분입니다. 그러나 수행되는 작업에 적합한 장갑이 항상 명확하지는 않을 수 있습니다. 작업에 대한 위험 평가는 착용할 올바른 장갑 쌍을 결정하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 위험 평가는 다음을 고려해야 합니다.<ol>
<li>화학: 위험의 화학적 특성은 적절한 장갑을 선택하는 데 매우 중요합니다. 화학적 내성 장갑의 일반적인 재료로는 부틸 고무, 라텍스, 네오프렌, 니트릴 고무, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리 비닐 알코올 및 폴리 염화비닐이 있습니다. 적절한 재료를 선택하는 것은 종종 화학 호환성 차트 (Ansell 직업 건강 관리, 2008)를 컨설팅하여 쉽게 수행 할 수 있습니다. 어떤 물질도 화학 물질에 100 % 내성이 없습니다. 화학 물질은 다른 속도로 모든 재료에 스며들 것입니다. 장갑 화학 호환성 차트를 컨설팅 할 때, 획기적인 시간을 주목해야한다. 이것은 화학 물질이 처음에 사용하지 않은 장갑을 완전히 통과하는 데 걸리는 시간입니다. 장갑은 획기적인 시간보다 더 큰 기간 동안 작업 할 때 그에 따라 변경해야합니다. 장갑이 찢어지거나 구멍이 뚫린 경우 장갑을 제거하고 즉시 교체해야 합니다. 장갑의 구멍은 장갑을 통해 화학 물질의 직접 침투를 허용, 장갑이 효과가 될 수 있도록.</li>
		<li>물리적: 물리적 인 위험은 극저온 또는 높은 온도, 날카로운 및 기계적 힘을 포함 할 수 있습니다.</li>
		<li>극저온 온도: 극저온 온도의 경우 극저온 장갑이 적합합니다. 극저온 장갑은 손목에서 어깨 길이까지 다양하며 종종 나일론 외부 표면과 폴리 에스테르 내부 표면으로 만들어집니다. 길이는 작업의 추가 평가를 기반으로 선택해야 합니다. 액체 질소를 취급하는 것은 극저온 온도에 노출의 일반적인 경로입니다.</li>
		<li>온도 상승: 온도가 높아지므로 내열 장갑이 적합합니다. 내열 장갑은 다양한 모양, 크기 및 재료로 제공됩니다. 기본 내열 장갑은 종종 면으로 만들어지며, 더 진보된 내열 장갑은 니트릴 고무와 케블라와 같은 재료로 만들어집니다. 내열 장갑을 선택할 때, 함께 작업하는 온도가 장갑의 작동 범위 내에 있는지 확인하십시오.</li>
		<li>날카로운: 바늘, 면도기, 블레이드 또는 피부를 잘라내거나 구멍을 뚫을 수 있는 다른 유형의 물품을 취급할 때, 절단 및 천자 내성 장갑을 사용해야 합니다. 일반적인 재료로는 케블라와 가죽이 있습니다. 절단 및 천자 내성 장갑은 종종 삽입 된 플레이트를 특징으로합니다.</li>
		<li>기계적 힘: 내충격 방지 장갑은 기계적 힘을 보호하기 위해 착용해야 합니다. 충격 방지 장갑은 폼 이나 젤 레이어와 같은 추가 패딩으로 만들어집니다.</li>
		<li>방사선: 방사성 물질 과 함께 처리하거나 작업할 때 방사선 감쇠 장갑이 적합합니다. 납 고무 장갑은 방사선으로부터 손을 보호하는 데 효과적이지만 (두께가 증가함에 따라 더 좋음) 무겁고 작업하기가 어렵습니다. 납에 일반적인 대안은 티타늄을 포함, 비스무트, 그리고 텅스텐. 납처럼 방사선을 보호하는 데 효과적이지는 않지만, 대체 물질은 납이 요구되는 것과 같은 유해 폐기물을 폐기할 필요가 없습니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. 얼굴 보호
<ol><li>얼굴 보호는 화학 물자, 화학 증기, 공수 분말, 비행 입자, 강렬한 빛 복사, 열 및 유해 가스로부터 눈과 폐를 보호하기 위해 설계되었습니다. 안경, 고글, 얼굴 방패, 호흡보호구 및 방독면을 포함하여 눈과 폐의 손상을 방지하기 위해 사용할 수있는 다양한 유형의 보호 얼굴 마모가 있습니다. 적절한 얼굴 마모를 선택하는 것은 당면 작업과 관련된 위험 유형에 따라 수행해야 합니다. 안전 안경은 실험실 공간에 들어가는 데 필요한 최소 PPE의 일부입니다. 필요한 안전 안경은 ANSI 표준 Z87.1을 준수해야 합니다. 측면 보호막을 가지고 있고, 충격에 저항하고, 비행 입자로부터 보호하며, 화학 적 물튀김으로부터 기본적인 보호를 제공해야 합니다.</li>
</ol>아래 표 1은 주어진 위험에 대한 보호 얼굴 마모의 적절한 선택을 제공합니다. 위험의 심각도에 따라 다양한 수준의 보호 수준을 선택할 수 있습니다.
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody>
<tr>
<td>위험</td>
			<td>메서드</td>
			<td>근원</td>
			<td>보호</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">화학</td>
			<td>튀김</td>
			<td>액체, 산/염기, 용액</td>
			<td>안경, 고글, 얼굴 방패</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>증기/가스</td>
			<td>휘발성 용매/고체, 가스</td>
			<td>고글, 풀 페이스 가스 호흡보호구</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>먼지</td>
			<td>공중 입자</td>
			<td>미세 분말, 나노 입자, 모래, 톱질</td>
			<td>고글, 미립자 호흡보호구가 있는 고글, 전체 얼굴 미립자 호흡보호구</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>영향</td>
			<td>플라잉 파티클, 파편, 물체</td>
			<td>톱, 네일 건</td>
			<td>안경, 고글, 얼굴 방패</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">광복사</td>
			<td rowspan="3">UV, IR, 가시광선</td>
			<td>토치 용접, 아크 용접, 토치 납땜</td>
			<td>용접 고글, 적절한 그늘의 용접 얼굴 방패</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>UV, IR 방사선</td>
			<td>안경</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>섬광</td>
			<td>착색 안경</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">열</td>
			<td>비행 입자, 파편, 불꽃</td>
			<td>연삭, 뜨거운 작업</td>
			<td>안경, 고글, 얼굴 방패</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>튀김</td>
			<td>용융 금속, 소금, 뜨거운 용매</td>
			<td>고글, 얼굴 방패</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>노출</td>
			<td>화염, 뜨거운 물체</td>
			<td>안경, 고글, 얼굴 방패</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>생물학의</td>
			<td>공중 입자</td>
			<td>생물학적 샘플</td>
			<td>안경, 고글, 얼굴 방패, 미립자 호흡구가 있는 고글, 전체 얼굴 미립자 호흡보호기</td>
		</tr>
</tbody></table>표 1: 주어진 유형의 위험에 대해 적절한 눈 보호 선택.
<ol start="2"><li>일반적인 안경은 실험실에서 얼굴 보호에 적합하지 않습니다. 안경은 스플래시로부터 매우 제한된 보호를 제공했으며 일반적으로 내충격성이 없습니다. 처방 안전 안경을 얻을 수 있거나 안경 위에 착용 할 수 있습니다.</li>
</ol>4. 몸
<ol><li>실험실 코트와 앞치마는 실험실에서 위험으로부터 몸을 보호하기 위해 착용됩니다. 실험실 코트는 난연성 소재로 만들어야 하며, 버튼이 올라가고 잘 갖추어져 있어야 합니다. 단추가 해제되거나 너무 느슨한 실험실 코트는 실험실에서 사물에 잡힐 위험이 있습니다. 추가 보호가 필요한 경우 고무 앞치마를 착용합니다. 고무 앞치마는 스플래시를 흡수하지 않으며 열에 대한 더 나은 보호를 제공합니다.</li>
</ol>5. 청문회
<ol><li>장시간 시끄러운 소음이나 지속적인 소음에 노출되면 귀 보호가 필요합니다. 소음 수준에 따라 귀마개 또는 귀덮개를 착용해야 합니다.</li>
</ol>

개인 보호 장비

로버트 M. 리우 & 윌리엄 A 엘리엇, 펜실베이니아 주립 대학, 유니버시티 파크, 펜실베이니아
위험은 실험실에서 다양하고 다양하지만 PPE의 올바른 선택은 실험실을 안전한 작업 장소로 만들 수 있습니다.

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Hazards are many and varied in the laboratory, but the right ...

실험실에는 많은 위험이 있지만 개인 보호 장비를 올바르게 선택하면 더 안전한 작업 장소를 만들 수 있습니다. 개인 보호 장비(PPE)는 위험으로부터 사람들을 보호하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 여기에는 적절한 실험실 복장과 장갑, 보안경, 안면 보호대 및 실험실 가운과 같은 품목이 포함됩니다. 착용하는 PPE는 존재하는 특정 위험에 따라 다릅니다. 또한 극한의 추위, 극심한 더위 및 방사능과 같은 상황에는 특수 장비가 필요합니다. 이 비디오에서는 실험실에서 옷을 입는 방법과 몇 가지 특수 PPE를 보여줍니다. 실험실에 들어갈 때는 최소한의 PPE를 착용하십시오. 여기에는 긴팔 셔츠, 긴 바지 및 앞이 막힌 신발이 포함됩니다. 헐렁한 코트가 물체에 걸릴 위험이 있으므로 잘 맞고 단추가 달린 난연성 실험실 가운을 착용하십시오. 물이 튀거나 열에 대한 추가 보호가 필요한 경우 고무 앞치마를 착용하십시오. 실험실에서는 항상 보안경을 착용하십시오. 여기에는 측면 실드가 있어야 하고 충격에 강해야 하며 날아다니는 입자와 화학 물질이 튀는 것을 방지해야 합니다. 처방 안경은 이러한 보호 기능을 제공하지 않으므로 보호 안경도 착용해야 합니다. 마지막으로, 물건에 걸리지 않도록 귀걸이와 같이 매달려 있는 장신구를 벗고 긴 머리를 뒤로 묶습니다. 장갑은 손이 종종 위험에 가장 가까운 신체 부위이기 때문에 PPE의 필수적인 부분입니다. 내화학성 장갑에는 라텍스, 니트릴, 네오프렌, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리염화비닐 등 다양한 유형이 있습니다. 착용하는 장갑의 유형은 작업할 물질에 따라 다릅니다. 어떤 장갑을 착용할지 결정하려면 화학 호환성 차트를 참조하십시오. 이 차트는 다양한 화학 물질에 대한 장갑의 내성에 대한 정보를 제공합니다. 또한 화학 물질이 장갑에 침투하는 데 필요한 시간인 파과 시간(breakthrough time)이 나열되어 있습니다. 다양한 신체적 위험에는 다양한 유형의 장갑이 필요합니다. 극저온 장갑은 일반 장갑보다 길며 나일론 외층과 폴리에스터 내층으로 만들어집니다. 액체 질소와 같은 매우 차가운 물질을 다룰 때 이 장갑을 사용하십시오. 기본 내열 장갑은 면으로 만들어지며 고급 장갑은 니트릴 고무 또는 케블라로 만들어집니다. 이 장갑을 사용할 때 온도가 장갑의 작동 범위 내에 있는지 확인하십시오. 절단 및 펑크 방지 장갑은 케블라 또는 가죽으로 만들 수 있으며 플레이트가 삽입되어 있을 수 있습니다. 바늘과 같은 물체를 다룰 때 이 장갑을 사용하십시오. 높은 기계적 힘으로 작업할 때는 충격에 강한 장갑을 사용하십시오. 여기에는 폼 또는 젤 층과 같은 추가 패딩이 있습니다. 마지막으로, 방사선에는 특수 감쇠 장갑이 필요합니다. 납이 함유된 고무 장갑은 가장 많은 보호 기능을 제공하지만 작업하기 어렵고 유해 폐기물과 함께 폐기해야 합니다. 텅스텐과 같은 다른 금속으로 안감을 댄 장갑은 작업하기가 더 쉽지만 많은 보호 기능을 제공하지는 않습니다. 보안경은 많은 작업을 충분히 보호하지만 때로는 더 실질적인 얼굴 보호가 필요합니다. 공기 중의 미세한 입자를 방출하는 물질로 작업하는 경우 호흡기를 사용하여 폐를 보호하십시오. 튀거나 불꽃을 일으키거나 열을 유발할 수 있는 위험한 화학 물질로 작업할 때는 고글이나 전면 보호대를 사용하십시오. 자외선, 적외선 또는 강렬한 가시광선의 경우 차양 안경이나 차양 안면 보호대를 사용하십시오. 또한 85데시벨 이상의 소음 수준에 노출될 경우 귀마개를 사용해야 합니다. 귀마개와 귀마개 모두 소음 수준을 15-30데시벨 줄입니다. 소음이 105데시벨을 초과하는 경우 둘 다 동시에 사용하십시오. 마지막으로, PPE가 항상 충분한 위험 보호를 제공하는 것은 아니며 흄 후드와 같은 엔지니어링 제어 장치도 위험을 줄입니다. 방금 JoVE의 개인 보호 장비 소개를 시청했습니다. 이제 기본적인 실험실 착용, 장갑 및 안면 보호구를 이해해야 합니다. 시청해 주셔서 감사합니다!

Education

교육

JoVE Science Education

Basic Biology

기초 생물학

Lab Safety

실험실 안전

choosing the right lab ppe

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present.

Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab.

This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit exposure to common risks.

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

proper personal protective equipment

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present. Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab. This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit...

emergency eyewash and shower stations

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations

Laboratory chemical spill response stations help protect people who are exposed to injurious or corrosive substances. In workplaces and school labs, OSHA requires emergency eyewash and shower stations to be easy to reach when these hazards are present. These stations are used after an accident that spills a harmful chemical on the body or splashes it into the eyes. The eyewash station helps rinse the eyes, while the shower station is used for chemicals on the skin or clothing. They are meant...

electrical safety

Preventing Lab Electric Shock and Fires

Electrical hazards are a common lab safety concern. Most laboratory equipment uses electricity to work, so students and lab staff must stay alert around cords, plugs, and powered devices. Improper use of electrical equipment can cause electric shock. In serious cases, this can lead to injury or death. Electrical sparks are also dangerous in the lab. They can start a fire or trigger an explosion. This risk matters because many flammable chemicals may be stored near powered instruments. Knowing...

working with centrifuges

Centrifuge Safety and Sample Separation

Centrifuges are used to separate heterogeneous mixtures by spinning particles in a fluid at high speed. The motion creates a force away from the axis of rotation. Heavier particles move faster toward the bottom of the sample holder, and the rate depends on particle size and density. This process is called centrifugation, and it speeds up sedimentation, which is the settling of particles out of a liquid. Gravity can separate some mixtures on its own, but that can take a long time.

working with hot and cold sources

Safe Use of Lab Heat and Cold Sources

Safe use of lab heat and cold sources is an important part of laboratory work. Extreme temperatures are common in many lab tasks. They can involve both high heat and very low temperatures. Bunsen burners and hot plates are widely used in research labs and industry. A Bunsen burner is a gas burner that gives a direct flame. A hot plate is an electric device that warms containers without an open flame. Because these tools reach high temperatures, users need to follow safe handling procedures. <br...

guidelines in case of a laboratory emergency

guidelines-in-case-of-a-laboratory-emergency

Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics

Lab spill and accident response basics help students stay safe during common laboratory emergencies. The most common lab emergencies include chemical spills, fire or explosion, electric shock, and personnel injuries. Many accidents happen because of poor planning or lack of attention, so prevention is always the first step. Good lab safety starts before an emergency happens. Students should wear proper personal protective equipment, or PPE, in the laboratory. Regular lab inspection and...

chemical storage: categories, hazards and compatibilities

chemical-storage-categories-hazards-and-compatibilities

Safe Chemical Labels and Storage Basics

Safe chemical storage and labeling help prevent dangerous reactions in school and research labs. Chemicals can vary widely in their properties and reactivity, so they must be managed, stored, and labeled correctly as part of an Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) program. If chemicals are not handled properly, they can create harmful or even destructive results. These risks include toxic fume production, fire, explosion, human fatality, property damage, and environmental hazards. Proper...

safe handling of mineral acids

Mineral Acids in the Lab

Mineral acids are common chemicals in research laboratories, and they must be handled with care. These acids, also called inorganic acids, are water-soluble acids formed from inorganic minerals by chemical reaction. Their corrosive nature makes them a major safety risk in the lab. Examples of mineral acids include boric acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. These acids are important reagents in research, and...

handling chemical spills

Chemical Spill Safety in the Lab

Chemical spill safety in the lab is essential whenever hazardous chemicals are used. Spills can happen at any time during laboratory work. Even a small spill can become dangerous if people are not prepared to respond quickly and correctly. Preparing for a chemical spill helps protect public health and the environment. Lab teams need to know how to respond to accidental releases of hazardous chemicals before an emergency happens. Safe cleanup also depends on proper disposal of the spilled...

proper use of autoclaves

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely

Autoclaving lab materials safely is an important part of decontamination in the laboratory. This method is commonly used for items that have contacted biological samples, especially those that may contain microorganisms. An autoclave cleans materials with pressurized steam at a high temperature. The steam and heat work together to kill microorganisms on the loaded items. For this reason, effective autoclaving depends on good steam flow and strong heat transfer. Packaging matters because it...

fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets

Airflow Controls for Safer Lab Workspaces

Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are airflow controls used in laboratories. They both rely on a constant stream of air to protect the lab environment and the people in it. These systems work in similar ways, but they serve different purposes. A fume hood is a ventilation system that helps reduce exposure to hazardous vapors, fumes, and particles. Air is drawn into the hood opening, which helps keep harmful substances inside the workspace. The air is then pulled out through the exhaust. A...

handling air- and water-sensitive chemicals using a schlenk line

handling-air-and-water-sensitive-chemicals-using-a-schlenk-line

Schlenk Line Setup for Inert Atmospheres

A Schlenk line helps chemists work with air- and water-sensitive chemicals. It provides an air-free way to handle reagents that can react with oxygen or moisture. This makes it useful in a chemical laboratory when careful control of the atmosphere is needed. The glass apparatus is commonly used because it can create an inert gas environment or a vacuum. Inert gases such as nitrogen and argon can be used to protect the reaction. The same setup can also expose glassware to vacuum when needed. A...

proper operation of vacuum based equipment

proper-operation-of-vacuum-based-equipment

Vacuum Pumps for Laboratory Procedures

Vacuum pumps are used in many laboratory procedures that need low pressure. They help create vacuum conditions for experiments and equipment that must run below normal atmospheric pressure. In the lab, vacuum pumps are the most common way to achieve this low-pressure environment. They can also support rapid changes in the atmosphere inside a reactor or flask. This is done by evacuating the vessel and then backfilling it with another gas.

operating the glovebox

Glovebox Atmosphere and Sample Transfer

A glovebox is an enclosed workspace that keeps an inert atmosphere inside. Scientists use built-in gloves to handle chemicals or equipment without exposing the inside of the box to outside air. The box uses positive pressure to help make up for small passive leaks. Objects can be moved in and out through an antechamber, which works like an airlock between the glovebox and the outside atmosphere. Some gloveboxes have more than one pair of gloves. The number of glove ports depends on the size...

operation of high-pressure reactor vessels

operation-of-high-pressure-reactor-vessels

Safe Use of Pressure Vessels in Chemistry

High-pressure reactor vessels are used in synthetic chemistry to handle gases safely during reactions. They help chemists carry out gas-based processes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and amination. These reactions often use hydrogen, oxygen, or ammonia, which are important reagents in the lab. These gases usually dissolve poorly in standard reaction mixtures. Because of that, high pressure is needed to make the reaction proceed at a useful rate. The vessel creates a sealed space that keeps...

decontamination for laboratory biosafety

Lab Cleaning Methods for Biosafety

Laboratory cleaning methods are a key part of biosafety because microbial contamination can build up and spread disease. Decontamination is used to reduce that risk on lab surfaces and equipment. The level of cleaning depends on how much contamination is present and what kind of item needs treatment. Decontamination can be grouped into disinfection and sterilization. Disinfection removes pathogenic microorganisms, but it does not remove bacterial spores on lab surfaces or equipment.

proper waste disposal

Lab Waste Management and Safety

Lab waste management and safety are essential parts of any laboratory activity. Waste generated during work must be handled correctly from the moment it is created until it reaches its final offsite disposal facility. Poor waste disposal can seriously harm public health and the environment. A waste management system should be planned before any lab work begins. This system guides how waste is collected, stored, and prepared for removal. For hazardous waste, special rules apply because its...

lab safety

이 컬렉션은 위험 물질 및 장비로 작업할 때 따라야 할 안전 지침을 제공합니다. PPE, 전기 안전 및 일반 비상 지침과 같은 보편적인 주제와 화학 및 생물학 실험실을 위한 특정 안전 절차를 다룹니다.

Learn how choosing the right personal protective equipment helps make the laboratory safer when students face many different hazards during lab work.

Choosing the Right Lab PPE | JoVE K12

Chemistry

CHEM.1

CHEM.1.C

Biology

BIO.1

BIO.1.C

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.C

Robert Rioux

Overview

Basic Personal Protective Equipment

Hand Protection

Face and Ear Protection

Summary

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...

Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A ...

Ask questions and define problems related to specialized topics of study based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

112.51.c.1.A.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used to solve problems and explain phenomena. The development of the scientific method coincided with changes in philosophy ...

Demonstrating the Scientific Method with Tree Branches
ExpandObtain branches containing a few dozen typical leaves from five different local tree species. ...

Observation and Background Research
ExpandNOTE: The first two steps in the scientific process involve studying and observing natural phenomena of ...

Problem-Solving

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective ...

Problem Definition

Problem definition is the initial and the most essential step in research.
The researcher identifies and explains the specific issue or gap to be ...

Apply science practices related to specialized topics of study to plan and conduct investigations or use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

112.51.c.1.B.

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that an emergency ...

Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical ...

Working with Centrifuges

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Earth's gravitational force is capable of separating ...

Working with Hot and Cold Sources

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, ...

Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

Chemical Storage: Categories, Hazards And Compatibilities

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
While the use of various chemicals in experimental ...

Safe Handling of Mineral Acids

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is defined as a ...

Handling Chemical Spills

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Since chemicals are commonly used for laboratory research ...

Proper Use of Autoclaves

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Autoclaving is one of the most commonly used methods in the ...

Fume Hoods and Laminar Flow Cabinets

Robert M. Rioux &amp; William A. Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are engineering controls ...

Decontamination for Laboratory Biosafety

Robert M. Rioux and Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Decontamination is essential for laboratory biosafety, as the ...

Proper Waste Disposal

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

Lab Techniques

Measurement Accuracy
The ability to repeat an experiment and get the same results, or reproducibility, is essential in scientific research. However, ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Preparation of LaboratoryExpand
	Here we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Determining the Density of an EggExpand
	Density is a measure of how compact a substance or ...

Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

Organic Lab Notebook Keeping
Record keeping is a vital skill in science and organic chemistry labs. Without proper notes, descriptions, quantities, or ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Preparation of the LaboratoryExpand
	Here, we show the laboratory preparation ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Nitration of Methyl BenzoateExpand
	From this lab onward, ...

Use tools appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.D.

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

Measurement is integral to analytical chemistry. Each record comprises a number &#8211; denoting the magnitude&#160; &#8211; and the unit &#8211; a ...

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is ...

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...

Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...

Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) or qualitative data as evidence as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.E.

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

What is a Frequency Distribution

A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the ...

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

A cumulative frequency distribution is another type of frequency distribution. Instead of reporting how many data values fall in some classes, it reports ...

Ogive Graph

An ogive graph is sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon. It is one type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequency. In other words, ...

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data ...

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show ...

Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the ...

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each ...

Organize quantitative or qualitative data using representations appropriate to the specialized topic of study such as scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, scientific drawings, and student-prepared models;

112.51.c.1.F.

Modeling and Similitude

A scaled model of a dam is tested in a controlled environment to observe how it will manage water flow, turbulence, and pressure.
This setup predicts the ...

Typical Model Studies

Typical model studies analyze scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior, focusing on interactions with free surfaces and flow around immersed bodies.
...

design-example-creating-a-hydraulic-model-of-a-dam-spillway

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

A hydraulic model of a dam spillway is often created by scaling down the design, typically to a 1:15 ratio, to replicate key flow characteristics such as ...

Models, Theories, and Laws

Scientists frequently use models to help them comprehend a specific collection of phenomena. In physics, a model is a condensed version of a physical ...

/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14686.jpg

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system translates sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes into information as thoughts and memories, forming ...

Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.1.G.

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to explain phenomena or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

Description

Transcript

More videos by Standards