Mouse Footpad
Mouse Footpad - Related Videos
09:07
Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
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Cited by 9 •
2020
The footpad inoculation model is a valuable tool for characterizing viral-induced neuroinflammatory responses in vivo. In particular, it provides a clear assessment of viral kinetics and associated immunopathological processes initiated in the peripheral nervous system.
08:16
High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model
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Cited by 4 •
2022
The present protocol describes a unique, clinically relevant model of peripheral arterial disease that combines femoral artery and vein electrocoagulation with the administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to induce hindlimb gangrene in FVB mice. Intracardiac DiI perfusion is then used for high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of the footpad vasculature.
02:00
Generating Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates the generation of neuroinflammation in a mouse model. An anesthetized mouse with micro-wounds is taken, and an inoculum of pseudorabies virus (PRV) is applied to the wounds. The virus infects the peripheral nerves, spreads to the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and further infects the spinal cord and brain. Infection of neurons in the nervous system leads to an immune response that induces neuronal damage, leading to neuroinflammation.
09:08
Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Cited by 59 •
2011
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an increasingly popular tool for examining the phenotype of genetically altered mice. This article illustrates the methods necessary to achieve high-throughput phenotyping of genetically altered mice using multiple-mouse MRI.
05:53
In vivo Electroporation of Developing Mouse Retina
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Cited by 33 •
2011
A method for the incorporation of plasmid DNA into murine retinal cells for the purpose of performing either gain- or loss of function studies in vivo is presented. This method capitalizes on the transient increase in permeability of cell plasma membranes induced by the application of an external electrical field.
FAQs
A microbial agent, antigen, or other immune stimulus activates innate immune pathways within the footpad tissue. This activation produces vascular changes that promote edema, or fluid accumulation, and recruits leukocytes to the site. The combined tissue response can appear as swelling or lesion development, allowing researchers to connect visible local changes with underlying immune activity.
Vascular changes alter local tissue fluid balance, while recruited leukocytes provide cellular components of the inflammatory response. Together, these processes help explain increases in footpad thickness and the development of visible lesions. Measuring the resulting tissue changes gives investigators a practical way to assess how strongly a stimulus activates local innate and immune mechanisms.
The footpad preserves a defined anatomical site where local inflammation, pathogen replication, and tissue damage can be measured separately from broader host responses. Comparing local findings with systemic immune mechanisms helps researchers examine how events at an inoculation site relate to disease progression or immune activity elsewhere in the animal, without losing a quantifiable tissue endpoint.
Microbial agents, antigens, and other immune stimuli address different experimental questions. Microbial inoculation can support analysis of pathogen replication and burden, whereas antigen or immune stimulation can emphasize inflammatory and immune responsiveness. Consequently, swelling, lesions, and pathogen measurements must be interpreted in relation to the specific stimulus and the outcome being investigated.
A typical conceptual workflow introduces the selected microbial agent, antigen, or immune stimulus into the footpad, then follows local tissue responses over the study period. Researchers can record footpad thickness and lesion development while assessing pathogen burden when infection is being studied. These measurements create quantitative outcomes for comparing experimental conditions or interventions.
The model is useful when an intervention is expected to alter local inflammation, pathogen replication, disease progression, or tissue damage. Changes in footpad thickness, lesion development, and pathogen burden provide outcome measures for comparing treated and untreated conditions. Because the site is anatomically defined, investigators can evaluate intervention effects using consistent local measurements alongside broader immune interpretations.