Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Related Videos
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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2026
DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility PatternsDisordered...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction
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2025
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently. The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors: Altered...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
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2025
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are: IBS-C is primarily characterized by constipation. Individuals may experience infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. IBS-D, which involves recurrent episodes of diarrhea, is marked by an urgency to...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management
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2025
Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medication. Lifestyle adjustments often incorporate stress reduction techniques like yoga, meditation, and regular physical activity to alleviate symptoms like bloating and constipation. A critical component of dietary management is the introduction of soluble fiber, which can be found in foods like oats, barley, apples, and carrots. Restricting and then gradually...
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Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform
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Cited by 6 •
2016
We describe the use of a multiplexed high-throughput gene expression platform that quantitates gene expression by barcoding and counting molecules in biological substrates without the need for amplification. We used the platform to quantitate microRNA (miRNA) expression in whole blood in subjects with and without irritable bowel syndrome.
FAQs
Altered intestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity can amplify IBS symptoms through different routes. Motility changes influence how quickly intestinal contents move, whereas hypersensitivity makes normal or altered gut activity feel painful. Considering both mechanisms helps explain why treatment may need to address bowel-pattern symptoms and pain-related signaling rather than one target alone.
Communication between the gut and brain provides an additional pharmacological context. Changes in gut-brain signaling can influence symptom perception and bowel function, while interactions among intestinal microbiota and the immune system may also contribute to symptoms. These linked mechanisms help explain why IBS cannot be approached solely as a problem of intestinal movement.
Predominant bowel pattern helps determine which symptom-directed therapy is most appropriate. Constipation may call for fiber or laxatives, whereas diarrhea may call for antidiarrheal agents. Alternating patterns require attention to the changing symptom profile. This pharmacological tailoring supports individualized management instead of applying one medication strategy to every patient.
When constipation predominates, fiber or laxatives can be considered to address the bowel-habit component of symptoms. Their role is symptom directed: they target constipation rather than attempting to modify every mechanism involved in IBS. In pharmacology, this distinction helps align treatment selection with the patient's current predominant pattern.
Antidiarrheal agents are included when diarrhea is the predominant bowel-habit problem. Their relevance lies in targeting that specific symptom pattern, while other IBS features may involve visceral hypersensitivity, altered motility, or pain signaling. Thus, using an antidiarrheal approach reflects symptom control within a broader, individualized pharmacological plan.
Drugs that modulate smooth-muscle activity address a mechanism linked to intestinal movement, while drugs that modulate pain signaling address how symptoms are generated or perceived. These options differ from fiber, laxatives, and antidiarrheal agents, which are selected mainly for bowel-pattern symptoms. The distinction supports matching pharmacological targets to the patient's dominant complaints.