Ocular imaging, including digital imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT), is crucial for early detection of eye diseases, accurate diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and treatment effectiveness. This technology has transformed eye care delivery and pathways by integrating with tele-ophthalmology and enhancing capabilities with artificial intelligence. It facilitates the diagnosis of various blinding eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular edema, and glaucoma, both on-site and remotely. Additionally, identifying biomarkers through ocular imaging, such as digital retinal imaging, can offer valuable insights for the early detection of systemic diseases in at-risk populations.

Ocular imaging methods primarily focus on anterior segment imaging and posterior segment imaging. Each area employs different imaging modalities, including digital retinal imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and corneal topography. We aim to provide an overview of these techniques, highlighting their usefulness in day-to-day clinical practice and large-scale eye care program planning.