Name: autoclaving lab materials safely
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:57:36.000Z
Duration: 6 min 34 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.C.

Proper Use of Autoclaves

1. Draag de juiste persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen (PBM)
De hoge druk en temperatuur die tijdens het autoclaven optreden, vormen mogelijke risico's voor brandwonden door hitte of explosies. Geschikte PBM omvat een laboratoriumjas, veiligheidsbrillen, hittebestendige handschoenen en schoenen met gesloten tenen; deze moeten worden gedragen bij het laden en lossen van materialen uit de autoclaaf. Bij het omgaan met vloeibare monsters, draag een schort en gezichtsscherm als extra PBM.
2. Voorbereiding van materialen die moeten worden geladen
<ol>
	<li>Identificeer autoclaafcompatibel materiaal en materiaal dat niet geschikt is voor autoclaven 
	Hoewel autoclaven een veel gebruikte en economische methode voor decontaminatie vertegenwoordigen, zijn niet alle materialen geschikt voor autoclaven vanwege de hoge druk- en temperatuuromstandigheden. In het algemeen zijn alle materialen die zullen verdampen of smelten onder de hoog geperste stoom niet compatibel met autoclaven. Dit omvat materialen zoals organische oplosmiddelen, slecht hittebestendig plastic zoals polystyreen, polyethyleen en metalen met uitzondering van roestvrij staal. Autoclaveer nooit ontvlambare, corrosief, giftig, reactief of radioactief chemicaliën. Materialen die compatibel zijn voor autoclaven omvatten Pyrex of Type I borosilicaatglas, polypropyleen, polycarbonaat, handschoenen, roestvrij staal, pipetpunten, papier (in autoclaafzakken) en media-oplossingen.</li>
	<li>Verpakkingsmateriaal 
	Na het identificeren van autoclaafcompatibele materialen, is ook geschikte verpakking belangrijk omdat het veiligheid en efficiënt autoclaven garandeert. Hier zijn de basisprincipes bij het verpakken van materialen:
	<ol>
		<li>Gebruik altijd een secundaire container gemaakt van polypropyleen of roestvrij staal.</li>
		<li>Voor vloeibare monsters, vul de fles ongeveer half vol en maak de doppen los of gebruik geventileerde sluitingen. Vul de containers nooit meer dan 2/3 vol met de dop volledig vastgedraaid.</li>
		<li>Inspecteer het glazen vat om er zeker van te zijn dat er geen scheuren zijn. Als er scheuren worden geïdentificeerd, doe het glaswerk in een geschikte receptak. Nooit autoclaveer een bekend gebroken glazen vat.</li>
		<li>Gebruik altijd autoclaaf-compatibele zakken om afval te verpakken. De zakken moeten indicatiebanden hebben en moeten aan de uiteinden worden geopend voordat ze worden geladen om stoom in de zak te laten.</li>
		<li>Overbelast de zakken of container nooit om voldoende stoomstroom toe te laten voor volledige sterilisatie. Laat ruimte tussen items.</li>
		<li>Meng geen onverenigbare materialen.</li>
		<li>Plaats nooit scherpe voorwerpen in de afvalzak.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
3. Materiaal laden
<ol>
	<li>Controleer de binnenkant van de autoclaaf om er zeker van te zijn dat er geen potentieel gevaar achterblijft van de vorige gebruiker.</li>
	<li>Reinig de afvoer voor het laden van materialen om een goede circulatie mogelijk te maken.</li>
	<li>Zorg ervoor dat de zakken de binnenwanden van de autoclaaf niet raken om smelten te voorkomen.</li>
	<li>Vloeistoffen en droge materialen vereisen verschillende cycli en moeten afzonderlijk worden geautoclaveerd.</li>
	<li>Sluit de deur stevig.</li>
</ol>
4. Bediening van autoclaaf
<ol>
	<li>Alleen getraind personeel mag autoclaven bedienen. Raadpleeg het apparatuurhandboek indien nodig, aangezien de bewerkingsprotocollen voor verschillende autoclaven variëren.</li>
	<li>Nadat u er zeker van bent dat de autoclaafdeur stevig gesloten is, stelt u de autoclaveringstemperatuur in op 121 °C en handhaaft u een druk van minimaal 15 psi.</li>
	<li>Om de tijd en cyclus van de autoclaaf in te stellen, moeten de volgende factoren worden overwogen:
	<ol>
		<li>Aanbevelingen van de fabrikant in de gebruikershandleiding.</li>
		<li>Het type geladen materialen binnenin: droog of vloeibaar.</li>
		<li>De hoeveelheden van het(de) geladen materiaal(en).</li>
		<li>Vorm en grootte van het gebruikte container.</li>
		<li>Warmtegeleiding van container en materialen.</li>
		<li>Doel van decontaminatie.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
5. Ontladen van geautoclaveerd materiaal(en)
<ol>
	<li>Draag goed PBM zoals hierboven beschreven.</li>
	<li>Zorg ervoor dat de temperatuur en druk van de autoclaaf zijn teruggekeerd naar een veilige reeks.</li>
	<li>Sta achter de deur en open de deur voorzichtig om eventuele overgebleven stoom in de autoclaaf in de kamer te laten ontsnappen.</li>
	<li>Laat de materialen in de autoclaaf 10 minuten staan om stoom of hete lucht die in het materiaal is gevangen vrij te geven.</li>
	<li>Schud geen vloeibaar materiaal terwijl u het uit de autoclaaf verwijdert. Indien nodig, label het materiaal als heet om brandwonden te voorkomen bij een persoon die mogelijk niet op de hoogte is van het feit dat het materiaal recent is geautoclaveerd.</li>
	<li>Wacht tot het materiaal is afgekoeld tot kamertemperatuur voordat u het binnen het laboratorium of buiten het laboratorium transporteert. In beide gevallen moet u zorg dragen voor de juiste beveiliging voor transport.</li>
	<li>Noteer de details van de materialen en autoclaveringscondities in een gebruikerslogboek.</li>
</ol>

In vergelijking met chemische of stralingsontsmettingsmethoden, vertegenwoordigt autoclaven de meest economische en praktische methode in het laboratorium. Om veiligheid te waarborgen (smelten, brandwonden door hitte of explosie vermijden), moeten autoclaaf-compatibele materialen worden geïdentificeerd en moeten juiste verpakking, lading en lossing worden beoefend. Om voldoende ontsmettingsefficiëntie te garanderen, zijn container- of zakmaterialen en voldoende ruimte tussen materialen in de autoclaaf vereist. Onderhoud ...

correct gebruik van autoclaven

Robert M. Rioux & Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Autoclaveren is een van de meest gebruikte methoden in het laboratorium voor het doel van decontaminatie. De meest voorkomende items die worden gedecontamineerd met een autoclaaf zijn diegene die in contact komen met biologische monsters (meestal die welke micro-organismen bevatten). Een autoclaaf werkt door gebruik te maken van geperst hoge temperatuur stoom om micro-organismen te doden die aanwezig zijn in de geladen materialen. Voldoende stroom van stoom en warmteoverdracht zijn essentieel voor zeer efficiënt autoclaveren, wat de belangrijkste principes zijn om te overwegen bij het verpakken van materialen. Veiligheid moet worden overwogen bij het werken met een autoclaaf vanwege de hoge druk en temperatuur die daarin worden gebruikt, wat ook grenzen stelt aan welke materialen compatibel zijn en speciale aandacht kunnen vereisen bij het verpakken, laden en lossen van materialen.

Correct Gebruik van Autoclaven

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Autoclaving is one of the most commonly used methods in the ...

Autoclaveren is een van de meest gebruikte methoden in het laboratorium voor het doel van decontaminatie.Veel wetenschappers, met name diegenen die met biologische monsters werken, hebben gesteriliseerd gereedschap en media nodig, en autoclaafs bieden een snelle en economische manier om materialen te decontamineren. Ze gebruiken stoom bij hoge temperaturen en druk om micro-organismen te doden. Vanwege deze extreme omstandigheden moeten ze echter zorgvuldig worden gebruikt.Deze video zal illustreren hoe autoclaafs werken en hoe ze correct moeten worden gebruikt.In een autoclaaf worden materialen verhit met stoom tot temperaturen van 121 graden Celsius bij drukken van minimaal 15 p.s.i. Na minstens 30 minuten zullen deze omstandigheden cellen dehydrateren en doden.Autoclaafs kunnen zowel vloeibare als vaste materialen steriliseren, maar er moet rekening worden gehouden met verschillende instellingen. Vloeistoffen hebben langere tijden nodig dan vaste stoffen om de stoom te verdrijven om opvlammen te voorkomen. Bovendien duurt het langer om grotere volumes vloeibare materialen op te warmen tot de juiste temperatuur.Niet alle materialen kunnen de temperaturen binnen een autoclaaf weerstaan. Autoclaveer daarom nooit iets dat smelt, brandt, explosief is, of vloeistoffen die zullen verdampen. Autoclaveer ook geen giftige of radioactieve chemicaliën.Nu zullen we je laten zien hoe je monsters voorbereidt voor de autoclaaf en hoe je er een bedient.Selecteer eerst de materialen die je gaat autoclaveren en gebruik alleen compatibele containers en instrumenten. Pyrex, borosilicaatglas, roestvrij staal, polypropyleen en polycarbonaat kunnen worden gebruikt voor autoclavage.Andere gebruikelijke laboratoriummaterialen zoals pipetpunten en dozen zijn ook compatibel. Papier kan worden geautoclaveerd in autoclaaf-compatibele zakken.Vaste afvalstoffen kunnen ook worden geautoclaveerd in een geschikte zak. Laat ruimte in deze zak om stoom te laten circuleren en bind de uiteinden vast. Zorg er ten slotte voor voordat je autoclaveert een kleine opening in de zak te maken om stoom binnen te laten.Voor vloeibare media en andere compatibele vloeibare monsters, gebruik een intacte container zonder scheuren. Vul de container ongeveer halfvol en nooit meer dan tweederde vol.Om gassen uit een vloeibare container te laten ontsnappen, maak de dop los. Als er geen dop is, bedek deze losjes met aluminiumfolie om besmetting van het geautoclaveerde materiaal te voorkomen.Plaats alle materialen in een secundaire container gemaakt van polypropyleen of roestvrij staal. Scheid vaste en vloeibare materialen om te worden geautoclaveerd. Laat ruimte tussen de materialen en vul de container niet te vol.Bevestig ten slotte een stuk autoclaaftape aan alle materialen. Deze tape heeft temperatuurgevoelige indicatoren die zwart worden als voldoende temperatuur is bereikt.Draag geschikte persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen bij het gebruik van een autoclaaf om jezelf te beschermen tegen de risico's van hoge temperatuur en druk. Dit omvat standaard PPE-veiligheidsbrillen, laboratoriumjassen en schoenen met gesloten tenen en hittebestendige handschoenen. Gebruik een schort en een gezichtsscherm bij het hanteren van vloeibare monsters.Open bij de autoclaaf eerst de deur en controleer op eventuele gevaren binnenin. Laad vloeibare en droge materialen apart, omdat ze verschillende autoclaafcycli vereisen.Zorg ervoor dat materialen de wanden niet raken om smelten te voorkomen. Zorg voor een goede warmtestroming door voldoende ruimte tussen de materialen te houden. Sluit en verzegel ten slotte de deur.Verschillende autoclaafs hebben verschillende bedieningsinstructies. Cycli kunnen worden ingesteld door handmatig de temperatuur en tijd in te stellen, of door te selecteren uit een vooraf ingestelde lijst. Gebruik in het algemeen de aanbevolen cycli voor het type materiaal dat u wilt decontamineren.Er bestaan verschillende cycli voor vaste stoffen en vloeistoffen, evenals voor verschillende hoeveelheden materiaal en afval om te worden geautoclaveerd. Zorg ervoor dat de temperatuur ten minste 121 graden Celsius en de druk minimaal 15 p.s.i. heeft bereikt wanneer u een cyclus uitvoert.Zorg er na afloop van de cyclus voor dat de druk is teruggekeerd naar nul en de autoclaaf is afgekoeld. Open voorzichtig de deur om resterende stoom te laten ontsnappen. Laat de materialen vervolgens 10 minuten staan om eventuele hete gassen te laten ontsnappen. De autoclaaftape zou nu zwarte strepen moeten hebben of geautoclaveerd moeten zeggen, hoewel dit geen garantie is dat sterilisatie heeft plaatsgevonden.Trag geschikte PPE, verwijder de materialen en zorg ervoor dat je geen vloeibare monsters schudt. Noteer je gebruik in het logboek, inclusief het type stoffen en eventuele speciale omstandigheden indien aangetroffen. Vervoer ten slotte de materialen naar een veilige ruimte of een laminaire stroomkap om af te koelen.Je hebt zojuist JoVE's introductie tot autoclaafs bekeken. Je zou nu moeten begrijpen welke materialen kunnen worden geautoclaveerd, hoe ze moeten worden voorbereid en hoe ze veilig het instrument moeten worden gebruikt. Bedankt voor het kijken!

Education

JoVE Science Education

Basic Biology

Basisbiologie

Lab Safety

Laboratoriumveiligheid

autoclaving lab materials safely

Autoclaving lab materials safely is an important part of decontamination in the laboratory. This method is commonly used for items that have contacted biological samples, especially those that may contain microorganisms.

An autoclave cleans materials with pressurized steam at a high temperature. The steam and heat work together to kill microorganisms on the loaded items. For this reason, effective autoclaving depends on good steam flow and strong heat transfer.

Packaging matters because it affects how well steam reaches the materials. Safe use also matters because an autoclave uses high pressure and high temperature. These conditions limit which materials can go inside and require care when packaging, loading, and unloading items.

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely

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Learn how autoclaves decontaminate lab materials with pressurized steam, why steam flow and heat transfer matter, and what safety steps to follow.

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely | JoVE K12

Chemistry

CHEM.1

CHEM.1.C

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.C

Robert Rioux

Overview

Principles of Autoclave Use

Preparing Samples for the Autoclave

Using the Autoclave

Summary

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...

Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A ...

Ask questions and define problems related to specialized topics of study based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

112.51.c.1.A.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used to solve problems and explain phenomena. The development of the scientific method coincided with changes in philosophy ...

Demonstrating the Scientific Method with Tree Branches
ExpandObtain branches containing a few dozen typical leaves from five different local tree species. ...

Observation and Background Research
ExpandNOTE: The first two steps in the scientific process involve studying and observing natural phenomena of ...

Problem-Solving

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective ...

Problem Definition

Problem definition is the initial and the most essential step in research.
The researcher identifies and explains the specific issue or gap to be ...

Apply science practices related to specialized topics of study to plan and conduct investigations or use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

112.51.c.1.B.

Proper Personal Protective Equipment

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Hazards are many and varied in the laboratory, but the right ...

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that an emergency ...

Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical ...

Working with Centrifuges

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Earth's gravitational force is capable of separating ...

Working with Hot and Cold Sources

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, ...

Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

Chemical Storage: Categories, Hazards And Compatibilities

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
While the use of various chemicals in experimental ...

Safe Handling of Mineral Acids

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is defined as a ...

Handling Chemical Spills

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Since chemicals are commonly used for laboratory research ...

Fume Hoods and Laminar Flow Cabinets

Robert M. Rioux &amp; William A. Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are engineering controls ...

Decontamination for Laboratory Biosafety

Robert M. Rioux and Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Decontamination is essential for laboratory biosafety, as the ...

Proper Waste Disposal

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

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Common Lab Glassware and Uses

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Lab Techniques

Measurement Accuracy
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Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

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Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

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Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Nitration of Methyl BenzoateExpand
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Use tools appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.D.

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

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International System of Units

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Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...

Measurement: Derived Units

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Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) or qualitative data as evidence as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.E.

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

What is a Frequency Distribution

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Cumulative Frequency Distribution

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Ogive Graph

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Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data ...

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show ...

Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the ...

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each ...

Organize quantitative or qualitative data using representations appropriate to the specialized topic of study such as scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, scientific drawings, and student-prepared models;

112.51.c.1.F.

Modeling and Similitude

A scaled model of a dam is tested in a controlled environment to observe how it will manage water flow, turbulence, and pressure.
This setup predicts the ...

Typical Model Studies

Typical model studies analyze scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior, focusing on interactions with free surfaces and flow around immersed bodies.
...

design-example-creating-a-hydraulic-model-of-a-dam-spillway

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

A hydraulic model of a dam spillway is often created by scaling down the design, typically to a 1:15 ratio, to replicate key flow characteristics such as ...

Models, Theories, and Laws

Scientists frequently use models to help them comprehend a specific collection of phenomena. In physics, a model is a condensed version of a physical ...

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Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system translates sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes into information as thoughts and memories, forming ...

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models ...

Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.1.G.

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to explain phenomena or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely

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