Morphological Markers
Morphological Markers - Related Videos
07:29
A high-throughput method to globally study the organelle morphology in S. cerevisiae
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Cited by 2 •
2009
GFP-fusion proteins are widely used to visualize organelles by confocal microscopy. However, screening for mutations that affect the morphology of organelles generally requires individual mutagenesis and is time consuming. Here, we demonstrate a method to simultaneously incorporate organelle-GFP markers in almost 5,000 non-essential genes in yeast.
01:29
Microbial Morphologies
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2025
Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
07:00
Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Homeobox genes are regulatory genes often associated with tumors in the adult organisms. We investigated their comparative expression by immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis, in normal and inflammatory nasal mucosae and in sinonasal neoplasms in order to use them as possible diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
09:36
Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
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Cited by 61 •
2010
Our protocol describes how to dissect the rat abdominal mammary gland and how to prepare mammary gland whole mounts. It also describes how to analyze mammary gland morphology using three end-points (number of terminal end buds, epithelial elongation and differentiation) and to use these results to predict mammary cancer risk in rats which were exposed to dietary modifications in utero or during prepuberty.
05:08
Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) Quantification: A Method to Assess Synaptic Morphology and Function
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2023
The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is used as a model to study the morphology and function of synapses. This video describes important features that researchers quantify to characterize the NMJ. The example protocol demonstrates a software able to perform the quantification automatically.
FAQs
Visible structural changes arise when molecular and cellular processes disturb architecture. Altered membrane integrity can change cell appearance, while changes in cytoskeletal organization can affect shape or organization. Shifts in intracellular compartmentalization may also alter organelle distribution. Thus, a morphological marker provides structural evidence of underlying biochemical activity rather than standing apart from it.
Shape, size, organization, and organelle distribution can each provide a different readout. Shape may reflect cytoskeletal organization, whereas organelle distribution can indicate altered intracellular compartmentalization. Examining several features together helps distinguish a change in cell state from a single isolated visual difference, especially when comparing cell types or experimental conditions.
Morphological observations show what changed in cellular architecture, but biochemical or molecular measurements help connect that change to an underlying process. Using both types of evidence can strengthen interpretation because a visible alteration is evaluated alongside molecular information. This combined approach is especially useful when assessing treatment effects, cellular stress, toxicity, or disease-associated changes.
Researchers assess these markers through microscopy, imaging, and selective staining. They examine features such as cell shape, size, organization, and organelle distribution, then compare the observed patterns among cell types, conditions, or treatments. Selective staining can make particular cellular structures more apparent, while imaging records the architectural changes for interpretation alongside other measurements.
Selective staining supports morphological analysis by highlighting cellular structures that may be difficult to distinguish through general observation alone. When paired with microscopy or other imaging, it can help researchers examine organization and organelle distribution in relation to a biological condition. The resulting structural evidence contributes to comparisons among cell states and experimental treatments.
They are useful when researchers need to monitor differentiation, stress responses, toxicity, disease-associated changes, or experimental treatment effects. Structural observations can reveal that cells have entered a different state or responded to a condition, while complementary biochemical or molecular measurements help interpret the significance of that response. This makes morphology relevant across varied cellular experiments.