Archaeplastida Kingdom
Archaeplastida Kingdom - Related Videos
03:51
Establishing Bacterial–Fungal Cross-Kingdom Biofilms for Studying Oral Pathogenesis
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2026
Source: Schlafer, S, and Frost Kristensen, M. Monitoring Extracellular pH in Cross-Kingdom Biofilms using Confocal Microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (2020)This video demonstrates the cultivation of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans cross-kingdom biofilms under oral-like conditions to model bacterial–fungal interactions, enabling the study of microbial synergy, glucan-mediated adhesion, and acidogenic virulence in oral pathogenesis.
10:26
Monitoring Extracellular pH in Cross-Kingdom Biofilms using Confocal Microscopy
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Cited by 2 •
2020
The protocol describes the cultivation of cross-kingdom biofilms consisting of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans and presents a confocal microscopy-based method for the monitoring of extracellular pH inside these biofilms.
07:56
Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi
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Cited by 18 •
2010
For development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies, a novel strategy was developed, transkingdom RNAi (tkRNAi). This technology uses non-pathogenic bacteria to produce and deliver therapeutic short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into target cells. Here, tkRNAi was successfully applied for reversal of classical ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells.
13:59
Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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Cited by 1 •
2012
The kinetochore is where the SAC initiates its signal monitoring the mitotic segregation of the sister chromatids. A method is described to visualize the recruitment and turnover of one of the kinetochore proteins and its coordination with the chromosome motion in Drosophila embryos using a Leica laser scanning confocal system.
03:05
Animal Behavior - Concepts
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2019
Drosophila as a Model Organism The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a widely used model organism in biology, though it may be more commonly recognized as a fruit-loving pest. There are multiple reasons that make D. melanogaster an excellent experimental organism: their roughly two-week generation time allows studying multiple generations, they are easily maintained in very small tubes, and their sexual dimorphism enables investigators to easily distinguish between males that have...
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Primary endosymbiosis occurred when an ancestral eukaryotic cell incorporated a cyanobacterium. Over evolutionary time, that incorporated cell became a chloroplast, leaving the organelle enclosed by two membranes. This mechanism links archaeplastid cell structure to photosynthetic function and provides a key biological explanation for how a major eukaryotic lineage acquired its light-capturing capability.
The two membranes surrounding archaeplastid chloroplasts preserve evidence of the organelle’s endosymbiotic origin. They reflect the incorporation of a cyanobacterial cell into an ancestral eukaryote rather than the independent invention of a photosynthetic compartment. Consequently, membrane structure helps researchers connect present-day cell organization with the evolutionary event that established photosynthesis in this lineage.
Researchers compare archaeplastid genomes, pigments, cell structures, and reproductive strategies to identify similarities and differences among glaucophytes, red algae, green algae, and land plants. These features provide complementary evidence for reconstructing evolutionary relationships. Using several forms of evidence is especially valuable because no single characteristic alone describes the history of the entire lineage.
The transition from aquatic algae to terrestrial plants can be investigated by comparing archaeplastid lineages with respect to cell structures and reproductive strategies. Such comparisons reveal how biological characteristics changed across the lineage as photosynthetic organisms occupied different environments. This evolutionary context connects algal diversity with the emergence of land plants without treating terrestrial life as an isolated origin.
A comparative study would examine genomes alongside cell structures, pigments, and reproductive strategies in glaucophytes, red algae, green algae, and land plants. Researchers could then use the combined patterns to reconstruct relationships and evaluate the transition from aquatic algae to terrestrial plants. This workflow integrates molecular, cellular, and biological traits rather than relying on one evidence source.
Archaeplastida contributes to biodiversity research because it contains several major photosynthetic groups, from algae to land plants. Its members also matter to studies of global carbon cycling and the origins of oxygen-producing ecosystems. Examining the lineage therefore connects evolutionary biology with broader questions about how photosynthetic organisms influence Earth’s biological and environmental history.
Chloroplasts in archaeplastids convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. Studying the lineage places that process within its evolutionary and cellular context, linking organelle structure to biological energy capture. This perspective helps biology research address both how photosynthetic capability functions in cells and how it became established across a major eukaryotic lineage.