Immunomodulators
Immunomodulators - Related Videos
09:07
Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
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2025
The study demonstrates the role of the skin in modulating immune responses in mice through epicutaneous (EC) immunization. EC immunization with a protein antigen can suppress immune responses in contact hypersensitivity or reverse skin-induced suppression when combined with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. EC immunization shows promise as an effective, needle-free approach to immunotherapy.
12:42
Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Cited by 17 •
2019
This protocol describes a detailed workflow for the generation and ex vivo characterization of oncolytic viruses for expression of immunomodulators, using measles viruses encoding bispecific T cell engagers as an example. Application and adaptation to other vector platforms and transgenes will accelerate the development of novel immunovirotherapeutics for clinical translation.
06:02
Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
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Cited by 8 •
2018
Here, we present the protocols to identify 1) virus-encoded immunomodulators that promote arbovirus replication and 2) eukaryotic host factors that restrict arbovirus replication. These fluorescence- and luminescence-based methods allow researchers to rapidly obtain quantitative readouts of arbovirus replication in simplistic assays with low signal-to-noise ratios.
06:20
Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
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Cited by 13 •
2015
The immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) appear increasingly relevant for clinical application. Using a co-culture system of MSCs and peripheral blood leukocytes pre-stained with the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), we describe the in vitro assessment of MSC immunomodulation on effector leukocyte proliferation and specific subpopulations.
08:43
A Fluorescence-based Lymphocyte Assay Suitable for High-throughput Screening of Small Molecules
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Cited by 10 •
2017
We present in the current study a novel fluorescence-based assay using lymphocytes derived from a transgenic mouse. This assay is suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecules endowed with the capacity of either inhibiting or promoting lymphocyte activation.
FAQs
Their effect depends on the abnormal immune activity involved. A therapy may enhance an inadequate response or suppress an excessive one, with the goal of bringing immune activity closer to a useful balance. This distinction matters clinically because strengthening defense can address insufficient immunity, whereas reducing activity can limit harmful inflammation or immune-driven tissue injury.
Immunomodulators can act through immune cells, signaling molecules, or regulatory pathways. These targets help control several coordinated functions, including inflammation, antibody production, and tissue defense. Focusing on different components allows treatment to influence particular aspects of immune activity rather than treating the immune system as a single undifferentiated process.
The desired immune effect varies across clinical conditions. Suppressing activity may be appropriate when excessive inflammation or abnormal immune responses contribute to disease, while enhancement may be relevant when immune function is insufficient. Matching the treatment to the underlying problem helps pursue therapeutic benefit while limiting impaired host defense or other treatment-related complications.
Selection depends primarily on whether the clinical goal is to enhance or suppress immune activity and on the disease context. Clinicians also need to consider the potential consequences of altering immunity, including excessive inflammation, weakened host defense, and other adverse effects. These considerations shape how treatment is targeted in clinical medicine.
In autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, treatment generally focuses on reducing abnormal immune activity and limiting inflammation that can contribute to disease. The relevant therapy is chosen according to the immune effect required for that condition. This approach uses immune regulation to address disease-related activity while recognizing that excessive suppression may compromise tissue defense or host protection.
Their clinical role differs according to the immune problem. Immune enhancement may support situations involving immune deficiency, while immune regulation can contribute to care for infections or some cancers when the therapeutic aim requires modifying immune activity. Across these settings, the central consideration remains achieving a useful response without creating excessive inflammation or impaired host defense.