Granuloma Caseum
Granuloma Caseum - Related Videos
12:17
An In Vitro Caseum Binding Assay that Predicts Drug Penetration in Tuberculosis Lesions
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Cited by 24 •
2017
Here we describe a rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED) method to measure drug binding to caseum from pulmonary tuberculosis lesions and cavities. The protocol is also used with a foamy macrophage-derived matrix that is an effective surrogate to caseum.
03:00
Measuring Drug Binding to Caseum from Tuberculosis Lesions via the Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis Method
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2025
Source: Sarathy, J. P. et al. An In Vitro Caseum Binding Assay that Predicts Drug Penetration in Tuberculosis Lesions. J. Vis. Exp. (2017)This video demonstrates an in vitro assay for measuring drug binding to caseum from tuberculosis lesions using rapid equilibrium dialysis. It outlines the steps for preparing caseum suspensions, performing dialysis, and calculating the unbound drug fraction to predict drug penetration into caseum.
02:59
A Technique to Detect Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis via Superparamagnetic Nanoprobes
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2025
This video demonstrates a technique for the detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoprobes, conjugated to Mycobacterium-specific antibodies, are injected into a mouse previously infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, labeling the granuloma and providing a better imaging contrast for its detection.
10:32
Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice
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Cited by 28 •
2014
Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, does not grow in vitro. We describe an easy to follow protocol to prepare a bacillary suspension to ensure the maintenance of large quantities of M. leprae for a variety of applications. Protocols for propagation by mouse footpad inoculation, evaluation of viability, freezing and thawing bacillary stock are described in detail.
09:58
Using Eggs from Schistosoma mansoni as an In vivo Model of Helminth-induced Lung Inflammation
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Cited by 14 •
2012
Schistosoma mansoni eggs are potent stimulators of the T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response, characteristic of parasite infection, asthma and allergic inflammation. This protocol utilizes S. mansoni egg injection to generate a CD4 Th2 cytokine-induced inflammatory response in the lung, characterized by lung granuloma formation around the egg, eosinophilia and macrophage alternative activation.
FAQs
During formation, macrophages transform into epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. Lymphocytes help sustain the surrounding cellular wall, while the central material remains difficult for immune cells to eliminate. This arrangement reflects an organized response to persistent material and explains why the lesion’s tissue architecture is diagnostically informative in medical pathology.
Lymphocytes help maintain the cellular boundary surrounding the necrotic center. That boundary reflects continued immune organization around material that the body cannot readily eliminate, rather than a brief, nonspecific inflammatory reaction. Assessing this cellular arrangement on tissue sections helps pathologists interpret how the lesion is being maintained and supports consideration of a persistent infectious process.
No. Although granuloma caseum can strongly suggest a persistent infectious process, especially tuberculosis or selected fungal infections, the pattern is not absolutely disease-specific. Similar necrotic appearances may occur in other conditions. For that reason, the microscopic pattern should guide further investigation rather than serve as the sole basis for assigning a diagnosis.
Biopsy recognition contributes two kinds of information: it reveals the organized tissue architecture and identifies a central necrotic pattern that may reflect persistent infection. This finding helps clinicians and pathologists prioritize microbiological testing while interpreting the surrounding epithelioid cells, giant cells, and lymphocytes. The result is a more focused evaluation of the tissue rather than reliance on morphology alone.
Tuberculosis should be considered prominently, along with selected fungal infections. The lesion’s appearance provides a reason to pursue microbiological evaluation, but it does not by itself establish either cause. Testing is therefore important when the biopsy shows this pattern, because the same necrotic architecture can also appear in other conditions and requires clinical interpretation.
In medical pathology, the finding connects microscopic architecture with the possibility of a persistent infectious process. A pathologist evaluates the organized cellular wall and central necrosis, then communicates that the pattern may warrant microbiological testing, including assessment for tuberculosis or selected fungi. This approach uses morphology to prioritize follow-up while preserving an appropriate differential diagnosis.