Irreversible Reactions
Irreversible Reactions - Related Videos
14:05
A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
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Cited by 47 •
2014
The murine model of irreversible unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) is presented together with the model of reversible UUO in which the ureteric obstruction is relieved by anastomosis of the severed ureter into the bladder. These models enable the study of renal inflammation and scarring as well as tissue remodeling.
03:50
Irreversible Electroporation: A Technique for Ablating Pancreatic Tumor in Mouse
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2023
This video describes the procedure for performing irreversible electroporation (IRE) for non-thermal ablation of pancreatic tumors in mice. Both subcutaneous (SQ) and orthotopic tumors can be successfully treated with IRE in a highly controlled setting, facilitating various studies post-procedure.
01:14
Reversible and Irreversible Processes
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2023
The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
01:19
Chemical Reactions
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2019
A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds. Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them into different...
06:17
Covalent Fragment Screening Using the Quantitative Irreversible Tethering Assay
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2025
The quantitative irreversible tethering (qIT) assay is a fluorescence-based method of identifying covalent fragments that selectively engage with a target protein. Here, a detailed protocol is outlined to describe the qIT assay, with example results included.
FAQs
The thermodynamic basis is a strongly negative Gibbs free-energy change under the relevant cellular conditions. This gives the reaction a substantial energetic tendency to proceed toward products, while the defined conditions determine how strongly that direction is favored. Evaluating free-energy change helps distinguish a strongly one-way metabolic step from a reaction whose behavior can vary with its chemical environment.
An enzyme changes the rate, not the thermodynamic destination, of an irreversible reaction. By lowering activation energy, it allows the reaction to reach products more rapidly, but it does not make the reverse conversion favorable or alter the reaction’s Gibbs free-energy direction. This distinction explains why enzyme abundance can affect pathway speed without changing the reaction’s fundamental reversibility.
Coupling links a less favorable cellular transformation to an energy-releasing reaction, allowing the combined process to proceed in the forward direction. In metabolism, this arrangement can reinforce an irreversible step and connect chemical work to available energy. The resulting directional bias helps cells coordinate sequences of reactions rather than treating each reaction as an isolated event.
Their strong forward bias makes them effective locations for controlling flux, meaning the rate at which material moves through a pathway. Adjusting these steps can influence how much substrate enters downstream reactions and how products accumulate. Cells can therefore use irreversible reactions to coordinate pathway activity with changing energy and nutrient conditions.
Within glycolysis, biosynthesis, and cellular energy production, these steps help establish a preferred sequence of transformations. Their directional behavior prevents pathways from acting as unrestricted back-and-forth exchanges and creates locations where regulation can be concentrated. Studying these steps helps explain how nutrient availability and cellular energy status influence overall metabolic organization.
Product removal can reinforce forward behavior by preventing products from accumulating under defined conditions. Because product availability contributes to the chemical environment, changing it can influence whether the forward direction remains strongly favored. In biological systems, this principle helps explain how ongoing pathway activity can be supported while cells maintain chemical balance.