Phloem Sandwich
Phloem Sandwich - Related Videos
06:50
Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions
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Cited by 3 •
2015
The following protocol describes the procedure to assemble sandwich-like cultures to be used as an intermediate stage between bi-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cellular environments. The engineered systems can have applications in microscopy, biomechanics, biochemistry and cell biology assays.
02:10
Phloem and Sugar Transport
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2026
Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic tissues that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic cells to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.Within a plant, tissues that...
14:22
ELISA Assays: Indirect, Sandwich, and Competitive
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2023
Source: Whitney Swanson1,2, Frances V. Sjaastad2,3, and Thomas S. Griffith1,2,3,4 1 Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 2 Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 3 Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 4 Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is frequently used to measure the presence...
10:44
Snap Chip for Cross-reactivity-free and Spotter-free Multiplexed Sandwich Immunoassays
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Cited by 3 •
2017
We demonstrate a snap chip technology for performing cross-reactivity-free multiplexed sandwich immunoassays by simply snapping two slides. A snap apparatus is used for reliably transferring reagents from microarray-to-microarray. The snap chip can be used for any biochemical reactions requiring colocalization of different reagents without cross-contamination.
09:38
Collection and Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Using the EDTA-facilitated Method
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Cited by 88 •
2013
Knowledge of the composition of the phloem sap as well as the mechanism of its loading and long-distance transport is essential for the understanding of long-distance signaling in plant development and stress/pathogen response and of assimilate transport. This manuscript describes the collection of phloem exudates using the EDTA-facilitated method.
FAQs
The supporting layers hold the exposed phloem region in place and provide a surface that can absorb sap released from the sieve elements. This arrangement helps separate collected phloem material from surrounding tissues, reducing contamination during recovery. Cleaner samples make subsequent analysis more useful for identifying transported sugars, nutrients, and signaling compounds.
These components represent different aspects of vascular transport. Sugars reflect resource movement, nutrients indicate mineral allocation, and signaling compounds can reveal chemical communication between plant regions. Examining them in recovered sap helps researchers connect phloem transport with source-to-sink relationships and determine how plants distribute both resources and regulatory signals.
Changes in recovered phloem sap can show how transport and chemical signaling respond to drought, nutrient limitation, or herbivory. Researchers can examine whether the materials moving through vascular tissue change under these conditions. Such observations help connect environmental stress with altered resource allocation and the plant’s broader adaptive response.
The procedure begins by exposing a region of phloem and placing it between supporting layers. Sap released from the sieve elements is absorbed by those layers, which are then recovered for analysis. The collected material can be examined for sugars, nutrients, or signaling compounds, while the layered arrangement helps limit contamination from nearby tissues.
Analysis can indicate how materials move from plant regions that supply resources to regions that use or store them. Measuring sugars and nutrients in recovered sap provides evidence about resource distribution through vascular tissue, while signaling compounds add information about coordination between regions. Together, these measurements help clarify how plants allocate resources.
The approach is particularly relevant when researchers want to connect environmental conditions with internal transport. Applications include examining resource allocation during drought, nutrient limitation, or herbivory and tracking mobile chemical signals associated with these stresses. The resulting measurements provide a way to study how vascular movement contributes to plant adjustment under changing environmental conditions.