Intact Bacterial Cells
Intact Bacterial Cells - Related Videos
14:23
Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells
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Cited by 21 •
2010
We illustrate here how to use electron cryotomography (ECT) to study the ultrastructure of bacterial cells in near-native states, to "macromolecular" (~4 nm) resolution.
04:27
Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae
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Cited by 27 •
2011
In this video, we describe a method for live cell imaging of asymmetrically dividing sensory organ progenitor cells and epidermal cells in intact Drosophila...
13:31
Single Cell Electroporation in vivo within the Intact Developing Brain
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Cited by 26 •
2008
Single-cell electroporation (SCE) is a specialized technique allowing delivery of DNA or other macromolecules into individual cells within intact tissue, including in vivo preparations. Here we detail the procedure for SCE of a fluorescent dye or plasmid DNA into neurons within the intact brain of the Xenopus laevis tadpole.
09:49
Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish
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Cited by 8 •
2018
Here, we present a protocol to show how cell photoconversion is achieved through UV exposure to specific areas expressing the fluorescent protein, Eos, in living animals.
02:30
Preparation of a Single-Cell Bacterial Inoculum
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2025
Source: Niu, L., et al., Visualization of Macrophage Lytic Cell Death During Mycobacterial Infection in Zebrafish Embryos via Intravital Microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates the preparation of a Mycobacterium marinum single-cell suspension from a late-log phase culture for consistent use in infection assays and downstream applications.
FAQs
Surface structures determine which bacterial features are encountered by pattern-recognition receptors on immune cells. Capsules, lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, proteins, and flagella can therefore produce different combinations of inflammation, phagocytosis, and antibody production. Examining these structures together helps researchers connect a specific cellular architecture with the resulting host response rather than evaluating each component in isolation.
Whole-cell preparations preserve the spatial arrangement and relationships among the cell envelope, surface molecules, and internal components. Purified components can reveal the activity of an individual feature, but they do not reproduce native microbial architecture. Comparing both approaches helps determine whether an immune or infection-related outcome depends on one molecule or on how several structures are presented together.
Changes to a capsule, surface protein, flagellum, or other envelope-associated feature can modify how immune cells recognize and handle the bacterium. Those changes may influence inflammation, phagocytosis, or antibody responses and can also affect the study of immune evasion. Intact cells make these comparisons meaningful because the altered feature remains within the surrounding bacterial architecture.
Researchers can compare these cell states while examining how preserved bacterial structures influence host responses or antimicrobial activity. Live cells provide one condition for studying infection-related behavior, whereas inactivated or engineered cells allow structural features to be examined without treating all samples as biologically identical. Such comparisons clarify how viability and deliberate structural changes affect experimental outcomes.
They support studies of bacterial adhesion, invasion, immune evasion, vaccine responses, and antimicrobial activity. The same whole-cell format can connect bacterial behavior with host defenses, allowing investigators to examine how native surface organization affects interaction with immune cells. This broad use makes the approach relevant to both pathogen biology and evaluation of protective or inhibitory responses.
Experiments can assess immune-cell recognition, inflammation, phagocytosis, antibody production, bacterial adhesion, invasion, and responses to antimicrobial activity. Investigators can also compare outcomes across live, inactivated, or engineered cells to identify effects associated with viability or altered structure. These measurements help relate observable host or microbial behavior to the organization of the bacterial cell.