The treatment combines sustained chemotherapy delivery with arterial embolization. After the microspheres lodge in tumor-feeding vessels, they gradually release the drug within the target region while reducing arterial flow. This coordinated action concentrates treatment where it is needed and creates a localized vascular effect rather than relying only on drug distribution throughout the body.
Gradual release keeps chemotherapy associated with the treated tumor region after catheter placement, rather than delivering the entire drug dose at once. This controlled-delivery feature is central to the method’s rationale: it supports localized exposure while the beads remain positioned in tumor-feeding arteries. The approach therefore links drug delivery with vascular targeting.
Systemic chemotherapy distributes medication through the body, whereas this technique places drug-loaded microspheres directly into arteries supplying the tumor. The localized route is intended to concentrate chemotherapy in the treated area and limit systemic exposure. Its distinctive feature is the combination of targeted arterial delivery, gradual release, and reduced blood flow.
Tumor-feeding arteries provide the access route and the target vascular bed for the procedure. A catheter is guided into these vessels so the microspheres can reach and lodge within the tumor’s arterial supply. Their final location determines where chemotherapy is released and where embolization reduces arterial flow, making vascular targeting essential to the treatment strategy.
The procedure begins with image-guided catheter navigation toward arteries supplying the tumor. Drug-loaded microspheres are then delivered through the catheter into those vessels, where they lodge and release chemotherapy gradually. Their placement restricts arterial flow while maintaining localized drug delivery. This workflow integrates catheter-based intervention, image guidance, controlled release, and embolization.
The primary clinical use is unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly when the tumor cannot be removed surgically. Selected liver metastases may also be treated. In these settings, the technique provides an image-guided interventional oncology option that targets tumor-feeding arteries and supports localized therapy when direct surgical removal is not feasible.