Immune Cell Subtypes
Immune Cell Subtypes - Related Videos
03:20
Identification of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cell Subtypes Through Fluorescent Tracing
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2025
Source: Laboissonniere, et. al. Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2017). This video demonstrates a fluorescent tracing technique to identify retinal ganglion cell (RGC) subtypes in a transgenic mouse retina. The process involves securing the isolated retina in a recording chamber, maintaining cell viability with oxygenated perfusion, and targeting fluorescently labeled RGCs using a pipette with a tracer. By analyzing dendritic morphology and...
14:40
Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
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Cited by 22 •
2012
We describe a set of assays to analyze expression levels of H1 linker histones. mRNA of individual H1 genes are quantitatively measured by random primer based reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR, whereas protein quantification of H1 histones is achieved by HPLC analysis.
07:26
Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2011
This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.
15:39
Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Herein we describe two approaches to characterize cell polarization events in B lymphocytes during the formation of an IS. The first, involves quantification of organelle recruitment and cytoskeleton rearrangements at the synaptic membrane. The second is a biochemical approach, to characterize changes in composition of the centrosome, which undergoes polarization to the immune synapse.
06:42
Subtype-selective Electroporation of Cortical Interneurons
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Cited by 13 •
2014
This procedure shows how to target interneurons in the developing mouse forebrain by means of in utero electroporation. This technique was particularly efficient to achieve selective gene expression in interneuron subtypes destined to the superficial layers of the cortex.
FAQs
Subtype identification uses complementary evidence. Surface markers help separate populations by their expressed features; cytokine profiles show signaling outputs associated with immune activity, while functional assays test what cells actually do. Considering these readouts together can distinguish cells that may appear similar through one measurement and can link a population to a particular immune response.
Immune cell subtypes arise from hematopoietic progenitors, but their identities are refined as they acquire distinct receptors, signaling pathways, and effector functions. This progression explains why related populations can respond differently to the same challenge. In medicine, mapping these features helps investigators interpret immune states in disease and assess which cellular functions are altered.
Their defining activities reflect different contributions to defense. T cells use T-cell receptors to recognize antigen, B cells produce antibodies, and myeloid cells can engulf targets or release inflammatory mediators. Comparing these functions clarifies whether an immune response emphasizes antigen recognition, antibody-mediated defense, target removal, or inflammation, supporting interpretation of subtype patterns in medical studies.
Subtype analysis can combine three complementary readouts: surface-marker measurements, cytokine profiling, and functional assays. Surface markers help identify cellular populations, cytokine profiles characterize signaling outputs, and functional tests examine effector behavior. Using the readouts together provides a more informative immune-cell profile than relying on a single feature, which is useful when comparing health and disease.
Patterns in immune cell subtypes provide biological information for diagnosis and disease monitoring. Investigators can compare the presence or functional profile of populations in health and disease, then track changes over time. These comparisons may reveal altered immune responses associated with cancer, infection, autoimmune disorders, or immunodeficiencies, helping evaluate disease status in medical research and care.
Different immune cell populations contribute distinct recognition, antibody, target-removal, or inflammatory activities. Vaccine development can therefore consider which immune responses should be generated or regulated, while immunotherapy design can focus on manipulating relevant cellular functions. Subtype measurements provide a way to evaluate those responses and connect treatment concepts with observable immune-cell behavior.
By revealing which cellular populations and functions are altered, subtype analysis can help connect an individual immune profile with treatment planning. This information is relevant across cancer, infection, autoimmune disorders, and immunodeficiencies, where immune responses may require different forms of monitoring or intervention. The approach supports personalized treatment by relating measured immune features to disease context.