Long Noncoding Rnas
Long Noncoding Rnas - Related Videos
06:44
Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum
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Cited by 13 •
2014
This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.
13:04
Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Cited by 6 •
2019
Traditional cDNA-based overexpression techniques have a limited applicability for the overexpression of long noncoding RNAs due to their multiple splice forms with potential functionality. This review reports a protocol using CRISPR technology to overexpress multiple splice variants of a long noncoding RNA.
02:30
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
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2020
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements. In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
02:57
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
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2020
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
02:39
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
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2020
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
FAQs
Some long noncoding RNAs recruit chromatin-modifying complexes to particular regulatory contexts. By bringing these molecular regulators into proximity with genomic regions, they can help alter how genes are controlled without serving as templates for protein production. This mechanism is especially relevant to genetic studies of developmental programs and the maintenance of tissue identity.
These effects operate at different regulatory stages. Influence on transcription concerns whether gene activity is promoted or reduced, whereas interactions with messenger RNAs or regulatory proteins can change RNA stability or translation. Distinguishing these routes helps researchers interpret whether a lncRNA acts near gene control or affects the handling and use of existing RNA.
An lncRNA's molecular partners provide clues about how its regulatory effects are produced. Interactions with chromatin-modifying complexes, messenger RNAs, or regulatory proteins point to different routes involving chromatin, transcription, RNA stability, or translation. Mapping these relationships therefore adds functional context to sequence and expression data, rather than treating the transcript as an isolated signal.
An informative characterization combines three evidence types named in the research context: the transcript's sequence, its expression patterns, and its molecular partners. Considering them together can connect a lncRNA with developmental programs, tissue identity, or responses to environmental signals. This integrated view is more useful for assigning regulatory relevance than examining any single feature alone.
Patterns of lncRNA activity can help reveal regulatory roles associated with disease. Researchers may also evaluate these molecules as potential biomarkers, meaning measurable indicators linked to a biological or disease-related state. Their molecular interactions can further identify regulatory points for targeted therapeutic strategies, although interpretation depends on connecting sequence, expression, and partner information.
Because their regulation can participate in developmental programs, tissue identity, and responses to environmental signals, lncRNAs provide a way to study how genetic control changes across biological contexts. Examining where and when their expression patterns occur may help relate regulatory activity to cell or tissue state, while molecular partners offer additional context for interpreting those relationships.