Surface Antigen Expression
Surface Antigen Expression - Related Videos
10:11
Expression of Exogenous Antigens in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine via Non-genetic Surface Decoration with the Avidin-biotin System
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2018
A novel technique for rapid antigen display on a bacterial surface is presented, which involves surface biotinylation followed by exposure to proteins of interest in fusion with monomeric avidin. Loading BCG with selected antigens successfully improves its immunogenicity, suggesting that surface decoration can replace traditional genetic approaches.
13:05
Flow Cytometry Protocols for Surface and Intracellular Antigen Analyses of Neural Cell Types
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Cited by 42 •
2014
We provide a detailed description of a protocol for flow cytometric analysis of surface antigens and/or intracellular antigens in neural cell types. Critical aspects of experimental planning, step-by-step methodological procedures, and fundamental principles of flow cytometry are explained in order to enable neurobiologists to exploit this powerful technology.
04:29
Immunofluorescent Staining of Spheroids: A Technique to Analyze Spheroids for Expression of Intra- and Extracellular Antigen Expression
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2023
This video describes the technique of immunofluorescent staining of spheroids to understand the differentiation of the fibroblasts or CAFs. This protocol helps detect expression of intra- and extracellular antigens, including deposition of ECM proteins within the spheroids.
04:55
Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells
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Cited by 6 •
2011
Here we demonstrate a protocol to carry out live cell staining that can be used to detect odorant receptors on the surface of HEK293T cells conveniently. In addition, it may also be used to assay for surface expression of other chemosensory receptors or GPCRs.
06:57
Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2016
In this antigen-driven colitis model, OT-II CD4+ T cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were adoptively transferred into RAG-/- mice that express a green fluorescent protein in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The hosts were challenged with Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing the ovalbumin protein (OVA) fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP).
FAQs
Surface antigen expression begins with gene transcription, which produces RNA instructions for translation into the antigen. Processing can modify the resulting protein or glycoprotein before trafficking machinery delivers it to the plasma membrane. These stages matter because a defect in production, processing, or transport can alter whether the marker reaches the cell surface and in what abundance.
Correct membrane orientation ensures that the antigen’s recognizable region is positioned where an antigen-specific antibody can detect it. Abundance also affects the measured pattern: cells may display different amounts even when they carry the same marker. Thus, interpretation requires attention to both presence and level, because trafficking and membrane delivery shape the observed signal.
Expression patterns can shift as cells undergo activation, differentiation, infection, or disease-associated changes. Comparing these patterns across cell populations helps researchers associate a marker profile with a biological state rather than treating one antigen as a complete description of the cell. The result is a more informative characterization of population identity and changing cellular behavior.
A basic measurement workflow uses an antigen-specific antibody and an assay suited to the question. Flow cytometry measures labeling across cells to characterize populations, whereas immunostaining measures labeled antigens in a staining-based sample. The resulting pattern can then be compared among cell groups or experimental conditions to monitor changes in surface markers.
Flow cytometry is useful when the goal is to characterize cell populations from their antigen patterns, while immunostaining provides an alternative way to measure those patterns. Related assays may be selected when researchers need to monitor changes in activation, differentiation, infection, or disease. The appropriate choice therefore depends on the biological question and desired characterization.
Surface antigen expression supports immune-cell identification by providing measurable markers for distinguishing cell types. It also contributes to diagnostic and therapeutic research, where researchers track marker changes associated with activation, differentiation, infection, or disease. These measurements can connect a cell’s observable surface profile with biological status, making them useful for population characterization and research monitoring.