Interventional oncology is a rapidly growing field involving minimally-invasive image-guided cancer therapies and diagnostics that result in shorter hospital stays, reduced costs, and increased efficacy with lower complication rates. Within interventional oncology, tumor ablation and local drug delivery are widely used techniques that aim to alter the tumor microenvironment tumor via thermal or pharmacological means. These techniques are poised to contribute to the innovative field of immune-oncology that seeks to fight cancer by augmenting the patient immune system. Tumor ablation and local drug delivery may contribute by exposing tumor-associated antigens, inducing immunogenic cell death, or otherwise altering the tumor microenvironment. To facilitate the development and expanded use of novel tumor ablation and local drug delivery techniques, it is necessary to develop and harmonize preclinical models that replicate clinical procedures and outcomes. This Methods Collection will focus on preclinical models to evaluate and characterize tumor ablation and local drug delivery. Designing and performing treatments that confine the therapeutic effect to the tumor while sparing surrounding tissue are technically challenging and the incorporation of preclinical models allows for optimization of techniques before clinical testing. Further, preclinical models that allow for a comprehensive investigation of immune markers are essential to understanding the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. This collection will include a range of in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models that are poised to contribute to the translation of novel tumor ablation and local drug delivery techniques.