Channelrhodopsin-2 Mice
Channelrhodopsin-2 Mice - Related Videos
08:39
Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins
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Cited by 26 •
2017
This article describes how the ion selectivity of channelrhodopsin is determined with electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp recordings using HEK293 cells. Here, the experimental procedure for investigating chloride selectivity of an anion-selective channelrhodopsin is demonstrated. However, the procedure is transferable to other channelrhodopsins of distinct selectivity.
08:10
In Vivo 2-Photon Calcium Imaging in Layer 2/3 of Mice
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Cited by 28 •
2008
To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons . In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging is the only method that allows one to record the activity of a dense neuronal population with single-cell resolution .
07:04
Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins
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Cited by 4 •
2020
Channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping (CRACM) is a precision technique for functional mapping of long-range neuronal projections between anatomically and/or genetically identified groups of neurons. Here, we describe how to utilize CRACM to map auditory brainstem connections, including the use of a red-shifted opsin, ChrimsonR.
16:48
Dissection and 2-Photon Imaging of Peripheral Lymph Nodes in Mice
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Cited by 20 •
2007
Two-photon imaging has uncovered lymphocyte motility and cellular interactions within the lymph node under basal conditions and durring an immune response 1. Here, we demonstrate adoptive transfer of T cells, isolation of lymph nodes, and imaging motility of CD4+ T cells in the explanted lymph node.
03:17
Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice
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Cited by 1 •
2024
This protocol provides a simple method of making static training equipment for mice. The device maintains the muscle isometric contraction of the limbs of mice so as to verify the intervention effect of traditional exercise on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and provides new exercise therapy for the clinical treatment of T2DM.
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The method provides precise control over when selected neurons become active. Researchers can align blue-light illumination with specific moments in a behavioral test, then examine how neural activation corresponds to movement, reward-related actions, learning, or social interaction. This timing helps connect circuit activity with an observable behavior rather than simply observing that the neurons are active.
Cell-specific targeting restricts Channelrhodopsin-2 expression to a selected neuronal population, allowing researchers to test the contribution of defined cells or pathways. Without this selectivity, light-driven activation could involve a broader neural population and make behavioral effects harder to attribute. Targeting therefore strengthens the link between a particular circuit and the measured action.
Implanted optical fibers deliver blue light to the selected neural tissue while the animal performs a behavioral task. This arrangement allows stimulation of the genetically targeted neurons during defined experimental periods. By coordinating fiber illumination with behavioral measurements, researchers can evaluate whether activating a particular circuit changes movement, reward-related behavior, learning, or social interaction.
Activating a defined pathway provides a way to test whether its activity is sufficient to influence a measurable action. Researchers can stimulate the targeted neurons during behavioral testing and assess the resulting change in performance or interaction. This approach moves beyond correlation by examining how controlled circuit activation relates to specific behavioral outcomes.
A typical workflow combines genetic targeting of selected neurons with implantation of optical fibers, followed by blue-light stimulation during a behavioral test. Researchers then record the animal’s actions and relate them to the timing and location of neural activation. The resulting comparison helps identify behavioral effects associated with the targeted circuit.
The approach can be applied to questions involving movement, reward, learning, social interaction, and other measurable behaviors. Researchers select a behavioral test suited to the circuit under study, activate the targeted neurons with blue light, and examine the resulting actions. This supports investigation of how defined neural pathways contribute to distinct behavioral processes.
They provide a circuit-focused way to investigate how neural activity produces behavior. By combining selected neuronal targeting, optical stimulation, and behavioral measurement, researchers can relate activation of particular pathways to observable actions. In behavioral neuroscience, this helps clarify the neural basis of movement, reward, learning, social interaction, and related responses.