Electrozone Sensing
Electrozone Sensing - Related Videos
04:17
Approximate Number Sense Test
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University A common carnival game is to ask people to guess the number of jellybeans packed into a jar. The chances that anyone will get the exact number right are low. But what about the chances that someone will guess 17 or 147,000? Probably even less than the chances of guessing the correct answer; 17 and 147,000 just seem irrational. Why? After all, if the beans cannot be taken out and counted one-at-a-time, how can someone tell that an...
11:57
Electroporation of Mycobacteria
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Cited by 55 •
2008
Mycobacterial pathogenic strategies remain poorly understood. The slow growth rate of most species, the impenetrable nature of the cell-wall, and the hazards of working with pathogens make mycobacteria difficult to study and are largely responsible for our poor understanding of these organisms. In this video we will demonstrate the technique of electroporation, which involves subjecting cells to a brief high electrical impulse to allow the entry of DNA. It is the most widely used method for...
05:15
The Rouge Test: Searching for a Sense of Self
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Nicholaus Noles and Judith Danovitch—University of Louisville Humans are different from other animals in many ways, but one of the abilities that sets humans apart is their advanced ability to understand other people and simulate their thoughts and feelings, even when the thoughts and feelings do not align with their own. In scientific terms, these abilities are referred to as theory of mind, and this understanding is necessary for activities like giving compliments,...
08:05
Murine In Utero Electroporation
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2023
In utero electroporation is an important technique for studying the molecular mechanisms that guide the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation of cells during neural development. Electroporation enables the rapid and targeted delivery of material into cells by utilizing electrical pulses to create transient pores in cell membranes. Although electroporation has traditionally been used in in vitro studies, scientific advancements have now broadened its utilization to intact...
12:19
Bacterial Transformation: Electroporation
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2023
The term “transformation” refers cellular ingestion of foreign DNA. In nature, transformation can occur in certain types of bacteria. In molecular biology, however, transformation is artificially induced through the creation of pores in the bacterial cell walls. Bacterial cells that are able to take up DNA from the environment are called competent cells. Electrocompetent cells can be produced in the laboratory and transformation of these cells can be achieve via the application of an...
FAQs
The aperture concentrates the measurement into a small passage filled with electrolyte. When a suspended cell or particle crosses that passage, it displaces some conductive fluid and briefly raises the electrical resistance. The instrument records this transient change as a pulse, allowing individual passage events to be separated from the surrounding conductive background.
Pulse amplitude provides an estimate related to the volume of the detected particle, so a collection of amplitudes can describe a size distribution. The number of pulses represents detected events and can support cell or particle concentration measurements. Together, these signals distinguish changes in sample abundance from changes in the sizes of its members.
Instead of requiring an image of every object, this approach converts each passage through the aperture into an electrical pulse. That makes the measurement useful for rapidly characterizing suspended samples through event counts and signal amplitudes. The resulting data emphasize concentration and size distributions rather than visual features of individual cells or particles.
Each pulse corresponds to a detected passage event, so the measurement preserves information about how many cells or particles enter the sensing region. Comparing event counts and pulse-amplitude patterns between samples can reveal changes in population abundance and size distribution. This supports rapid assessment when the key question concerns overall sample composition rather than individual morphology.
A suspended biological sample is measured as its cells or particles pass through an electrolyte-filled aperture. The instrument detects the temporary resistance changes produced by those passages and records the resulting pulses. Analysts can then use the event total to quantify concentration and the pulse amplitudes to estimate the distribution of particle sizes.
The approach supports measurements involving blood cells, cultured cells, microorganisms, and engineered microparticles. These sample types share the need for characterization while suspended in an electrolyte. Depending on the experimental purpose, the resulting counts and estimated size distributions can support research measurements or quality-control assessments of biological and engineered particle populations.