Size-defined Extrusion
Size-defined Extrusion - Related Videos
11:35
Constant Pressure-controlled Extrusion Method for the Preparation of Nano-sized Lipid Vesicles
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Cited by 29 •
2012
This protocol describes an extrusion method for preparing lipid vesicles of sub-micron sizes with a high degree of homogeneity. This method uses a pressure-controlled system with controlled nitrogen flow rates for liposome preparation. The lipid preparation1,2, liposome extrusion, and size characterization will be presented herein.
10:22
Demonstration of the Power Law Model Through Extrusion
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2023
Source: Kerry M. Dooley and Michael G. Benton, Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Polymer melts are often formed into simple shapes or "extrudates", such as cylindrical pellets, flat sheets, or pipe, using an extruder.1 Polyolefins are among the most common extrudable polymers. Extrusion involves transporting and melting solid feed, which is sometimes mixed with non-polymeric materials, and the pressure build-up and transport of the melt or mixture.
09:39
Live Imaging of Cell Extrusion from the Epidermis of Developing Zebrafish
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Cited by 20 •
2011
Dying cells are extruded from epithelial tissues by concerted contraction of neighboring cells without disrupting barrier function. The optical clarity of developing zebrafish provides an excellent system to visualize extrusion in living epithelia. Here we describe methods to induce and image extrusion in the larval zebrafish epidermis at cellular resolution.
08:10
Hydraulic Extrusion of the Spinal Cord and Isolation of Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rodents
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Cited by 110 •
2017
Here, we present a protocol for hydraulic extrusion of the spinal cord as well as identification and isolation of specific dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in the same rodent. Compared to standard spinal cord isolation methods, this method is significantly faster and reduces the risk of tissue damage.
06:06
Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod
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Cited by 21 •
2016
An extrusion method using a calibrated threaded-rod is presented, which allows for mm scale subsampling of aquatic sediment cores. Millimeter-scale sampling is necessary to fully characterize recent event stratigraphy in sediment records.
FAQs
Pore dimensions establish the physical constraint that particles encounter as pressure drives the suspension through the membrane. Because membrane geometry influences the resulting particle diameter and size distribution, selecting defined pores supports more reproducible populations. This control is important when comparing how vesicle or particle size affects transport, stability, cellular uptake, or other biological performance measures.
Passage number and processing conditions act as adjustable variables that can change particle diameter and uniformity during extrusion. Their effects should therefore be treated as part of the experimental design rather than as incidental details. Keeping these variables consistent helps researchers distinguish biological differences between samples from size variation introduced during preparation.
Producing a narrow size distribution is not sufficient if processing conditions compromise the particles' structural integrity. Size-defined extrusion must therefore balance dimensional control with preservation of the membrane-based structure. This consideration is especially relevant for liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and model membranes, where reliable measurements of stability, transport, or cellular uptake depend on maintaining comparable engineered systems.
A typical workflow begins with a suspension containing the vesicles or particles, followed by pressure-driven passage through a membrane with defined pore dimensions. Researchers specify the membrane geometry and passage number, then evaluate the resulting particle diameter, uniformity, and structural integrity. These controlled steps create a preparation suitable for downstream comparison or application.
Researchers choose Size-defined Extrusion when they need vesicles or particles with more reproducible dimensions for a defined experiment or application. The method supports preparation of liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and other membrane-based systems used in drug delivery, biosensing, and model-membrane studies. Controlled size helps separate size-dependent effects from other differences between engineered materials.
In bioengineering, controlled particle size enables more reliable comparisons of transport, stability, cellular uptake, and biological performance. By reducing size variation within or between preparations, researchers can better interpret whether an observed outcome reflects the engineered material itself or differences in particle dimensions. This makes the approach useful for testing membrane-based systems across delivery and sensing contexts.