Antiretroviral Drugs
Antiretroviral Drugs - Related Videos
18:46
Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
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Cited by 20 •
2010
Nanoparticles of indinavir, ritonavir, efavirenz and atazanavir were manufactured using wet milling, homogenization and ultrasonication. These nanoformulations, collectively termed nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART), assessed macrophage-based drug delivery. Monocyte-derived macrophage nanoART uptake, retention and sustained release were determined. These preliminary studies suggest the potential of nanoART for clinical use.
04:19
Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Therapy to Treat HIV-1 Infection in a Humanized Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to evaluate the effectiveness of oral combined antiretroviral therapy (oral cART) in a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected humanized mouse model. A combination of drugs targeting HIV-1, including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and integrase strand transfer inhibitors, is administered along with a nutritional supplement and antibiotics. Following the consumption of this mixture by the humanized mice infected with HIV-1, the effective...
06:07
Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
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Cited by 3 •
2022
This protocol describes a novel method to deliver oral combinational antiretroviral drugs that successfully suppress HIV-1 RNA replication in humanized mice.
05:10
Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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Cited by 4 •
2016
Here we describe a protocol using the web-based drug repurposing hypothesis generation tool: "RE:fine Drugs." This protocol can be modified to a user's preferences at the level of the query type (gene, drug or disease) and/or the range of available advanced options.
08:54
Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
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Cited by 5 •
2020
Current methods of analyzing patients’ adherence to complex drug resistant-tuberculosis (DR-TB) regimens can be inaccurate and resource-intensive. Our method analyzes hair, an easily collected and stored matrix, for concentrations of 11 DR-TB medications. Using LC-MS/MS, we can determine sub-nanogram drug levels that can be utilized to better understand drug adherence.
FAQs
Their effects depend on the viral process they target. Some block viral entry into cells, while others inhibit reverse transcription, integration of viral DNA into the host genome, or protein maturation. Because these stages occur at different points in replication, identifying the blocked step helps explain how a drug limits production of new virus and contributes to viral suppression.
Combination therapy applies pressure at several points in the viral life cycle simultaneously. By including drugs that interfere with different processes, such as reverse transcription, integration, or protein maturation, treatment can suppress replication more comprehensively than a single-stage approach. This strategy is also important in research on drug resistance and the design of effective treatment plans.
The targeted process connects a drug's molecular action with its biological outcome. Blocking entry limits access to cells, whereas inhibiting reverse transcription, integration, or protein maturation disrupts later steps required for productive replication. Comparing these mechanisms helps researchers distinguish how different therapies suppress HIV and supports the development of improved approaches to chronic viral infection.
Treatment responses connect viral replication with host immune status. When therapy suppresses viral load, it can help preserve or restore immune function, showing how continued viral replication affects the immune system. The resulting relationship among drug action, viral load, and immune function gives researchers a framework for studying HIV infection and evaluating treatment strategies.
Viral load reflects the level of virus being produced during infection, so its suppression is a key outcome of treatment. Lower replication reduces the ongoing burden on immune function and also lowers the likelihood of HIV transmission. For this reason, viral load links the molecular action of antiretroviral drugs to both patient-related and public-health outcomes.
Because HIV replication can be studied under drug pressure, antiretroviral research helps examine why resistance develops and how treatment strategies can address it. Comparing drugs that act at different stages supports the search for more effective combinations and improved therapies. This work is especially relevant to chronic viral infection, where sustained control of replication remains important.