Cell Shedding
Cell Shedding - Related Videos
02:02
Quantifying Bacterial Shedding to Evaluate Infection Transmission Potential in Drosophila
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2026
Source: Siva-Jothy, J. A., et al., Oral Bacterial Infection and Shedding in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates the procedure for monitoring bacterial shedding in Drosophila by transferring an infected fly across multiple food-containing tubes, recovering shed bacteria, and quantifying viable colonies through serial dilution and plating.
09:32
Oral Bacterial Infection and Shedding in Drosophila melanogaster
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Cited by 40 •
2018
This protocol describes methods to orally expose and infect the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster with bacterial pathogens, and to measure the number of infectious bacteria shed following gut infection. We further describe the effect of immune mutants on fly survival following oral bacterial infection.
07:32
An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance
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Cited by 1 •
2020
Taking advantage of intravital microscopy, the method presented here enables real-time visualization of intestinal epithelial cell shedding in living animals. Therefore, topically stained intestinal mucosa (acriflavine and rhodamineB-dextran) of anesthetized mice is imaged up to single-cell resolution using confocal microscopy.
10:04
Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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2025
This protocol describes the in vivo reprogramming of mouse cancer cells into type 1 dendritic-like cells within the tumor microenvironment through enforced expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3.
22:06
Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Cited by 8 •
2007
This protocol details the derivation of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and their subsequent injection into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Briefly, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies, which are then infected with retroviral HoxB4 and co-cultured with OP9 stromal cells and hematopoietic cytokines.
FAQs
The actomyosin ring drives extrusion by contracting around the cell that is leaving the epithelium. This contraction focuses the shedding event at the departing cell while the surrounding tissue remains organized. Because the ring is part of a coordinated epithelial response, its activity provides a mechanistic feature researchers can examine when studying tissue turnover, barrier maintenance, or abnormal extrusion.
Live-cell extrusion removes a cell while it remains alive, whereas apoptotic extrusion is associated with apoptosis. Both processes use related remodeling of cell junctions and the cytoskeleton, but the distinction concerns the departing cell's state. This comparison helps biology researchers distinguish ordinary epithelial turnover from cell removal linked to apoptosis when interpreting tissue homeostasis and barrier maintenance.
When an epithelial cell leaves, neighboring cells seal the resulting gap, preserving continuity of the tissue surface. This coordinated response links extrusion to barrier maintenance rather than treating shedding as simple cell loss. If gap closure or related remodeling is altered, researchers can investigate how epithelial shedding contributes to barrier dysfunction, inflammation, or loss of tissue integrity.
A useful analysis considers what happens before, during, and after a cell departs: whether the cell is live or apoptotic, how the actomyosin ring contracts, how junctions and the cytoskeleton remodel, and whether neighboring cells close the gap. Examining these linked events connects an individual shedding event with epithelial turnover, barrier maintenance, or removal of damaged or infected cells.
Because shedding contributes to epithelial homeostasis and barrier maintenance, researchers can examine it alongside wound responses. The key issue is whether extrusion and subsequent gap sealing help preserve or reestablish tissue continuity after epithelial disruption. This perspective places cell shedding within a broader investigation of how epithelial tissues respond when their surface organization or barrier function is challenged.
Altered extrusion provides a cellular context for studying inflammation, cancer progression, and barrier dysfunction. Researchers can ask whether changes affect cell removal, actomyosin contraction, junctional or cytoskeletal remodeling, or closure of the epithelial gap. Connecting these observations with tissue-level outcomes helps clarify how disrupted shedding may accompany broader changes in epithelial integrity.