Nucleotide Regulation
Nucleotide Regulation - Related Videos
02:14
GTPases and their Regulation
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2020
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒ small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins. Large G-proteins, also known...
02:13
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators
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2020
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
10:45
iCLIP - Transcriptome-wide Mapping of Protein-RNA Interactions with Individual Nucleotide Resolution
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Cited by 203 •
2011
The spatial arrangement of RNA-binding proteins on a transcript is a key determinant of post-transcriptional regulation. Therefore, we developed individual-nucleotide resolution UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) that allows precise genome-wide mapping of the binding sites of an RNA-binding protein.
01:46
Nucleotide Excision Repair
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2020
Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. Damaged DNA can be detected and repaired in a process called nucleotide excision repair (NER). NER employs a set of specialized proteins that first scan DNA to detect a damaged region. Next, NER proteins separate the strands and excise the damaged area. Finally, they coordinate the replacement with new, matching nucleotides.DNA distortion and damageCells are...
01:38
Nucleotide Excision Repair
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2023
DNA Distortion and Damage Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
FAQs
ATP, GTP, and other nucleotide end products can regulate biosynthetic enzymes through feedback and allosteric control. When nucleotide levels change, these molecules influence enzyme activity, helping prevent excessive production or insufficient supply. This control connects the size of nucleotide pools with cellular demands for DNA replication, RNA transcription, and energy transfer.
De novo synthesis builds nucleotides through biosynthetic pathways, whereas salvage pathways recycle available nucleotide components. Coordinating both routes gives cells more than one way to maintain nucleotide pools. Their balance supports continued DNA and RNA production while helping distribute metabolic resources according to cellular growth and functional requirements.
Nucleotide distribution determines whether the substrates needed for DNA replication and RNA transcription are available in appropriate amounts. Regulation therefore extends beyond production alone: cells must coordinate synthesis, recycling, degradation, and use. Imbalances can affect genome stability and cellular growth because nucleic-acid-producing processes depend on controlled nucleotide availability.
A useful analysis considers the pathways that synthesize, salvage, degrade, and distribute nucleotides, along with feedback from ATP, GTP, and other end products. It should also examine links to DNA replication, RNA transcription, energy transfer, and cell growth. Together, these relationships show how metabolic control supports broader cellular functions.
Researchers can examine how altered nucleotide control affects the supply required for genome maintenance and cellular growth. Comparing synthesis, recycling, degradation, and feedback relationships can reveal connections between nucleotide imbalance, genome stability, developmental processes, and disease mechanisms. This approach places metabolic regulation within the broader biology of normal and abnormal cells.
Nucleotide metabolism provides potential intervention points because cells depend on regulated nucleotide supplies for DNA and RNA production and growth. Research can therefore focus on biosynthetic, salvage, degradation, or feedback processes when studying antimicrobial and anticancer therapies. Understanding these control relationships helps connect pathway disruption with effects on cellular proliferation and survival.