Right Atrium Preparation
Right Atrium Preparation - Related Videos
08:17
Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
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Cited by 8 •
2017
The following protocol describes the methodology for the acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic images used to obtain the Left Atrial Volume (LAV), Aorta (Ao) diameter, and Pulmonary Artery (PA) diameter in mice. This technique is a non-invasive, non-terminal procedure that allows assessment of the cardiopulmonary function.
04:29
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins with a Precise Intracardiac Echocardiography Approach
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2023
Accurate intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) shows significant accuracy in estimating the left atrial structure, a prospective and promising cardiac structure estimation method. Here we propose a protocol for three-dimensional modeling of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with ICE and fast anatomical mapping (FAM) catheter remodeling.
07:39
Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
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Cited by 1 •
2021
The following article describes the stepwise procedure for placement of a device (e.g., Tandemheart) in cardiogenic shock (CS) that is a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD) and a left atrial to femoral artery bypass (LAFAB) system that bypasses and supports the left ventricle (LV) in CS.
07:22
Quantifying Single Microvessel Permeability in Isolated Blood-perfused Rat Lung Preparation
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Cited by 5 •
2014
The isolated blood-perfused lung preparation makes it feasible to visualize microvessel networks on the lung surface. Here we describe an approach to quantify permeability of single microvessels in isolated lungs using real time fluorescence imaging.
03:00
Preparation of Epoxides
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2023
Overview Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization. Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
FAQs
Spontaneous contractions provide a functional readout of intrinsic atrial rhythm, particularly activity associated with sinoatrial node function. By monitoring contraction rate under controlled conditions, researchers can identify changes produced by pharmacological agents, neurotransmitters, or altered ionic conditions. This makes the preparation useful for examining mechanisms that regulate heart rate without relying solely on electrically imposed activity.
Researchers primarily follow contraction rate and force, either during spontaneous beating or after electrical stimulation. Rate indicates changes in rhythmic activity, whereas force reflects the mechanical response of the tissue. Comparing these measurements before and after treatment helps distinguish effects on pacemaker behavior from effects on contractile performance, providing a focused assessment of cardiac functional responses.
The isolated tissue is maintained in an oxygenated physiological solution so it remains viable during measurement under controlled ex vivo conditions. This environment supports observation of spontaneous or electrically evoked contractions while researchers vary drugs, neurotransmitters, or ionic conditions. Maintaining consistent solution conditions also helps attribute changes in rate or force to the experimental intervention rather than uncontrolled surroundings.
Spontaneous contractions allow investigators to examine intrinsic rhythmic activity, while electrical stimulation provides a controlled way to evoke atrial activity. Recording responses in both settings helps separate properties of the tissue's own pacemaker behavior from its response to an imposed electrical signal. This comparison supports studies of atrial function and cardiac electrophysiology under defined experimental conditions.
The tissue is carefully isolated, transferred into an oxygenated physiological solution, and maintained under controlled ex vivo conditions. Investigators then monitor spontaneous contractions or apply electrical stimulation before introducing a pharmacological agent, neurotransmitter, or altered ionic condition. Changes in contraction rate and force are recorded to evaluate the intervention's effects on atrial function and rhythm.
The preparation supports controlled changes in several experimental inputs, including pharmacological agents, neurotransmitters, and ionic conditions. Electrical activity can also be examined through evoked stimulation rather than spontaneous contractions alone. Measuring the resulting rate and force changes allows researchers to test how chemical, neural, or electrical influences modify atrial behavior.
This model is useful when researchers need to examine sinoatrial node function, cardiac electrophysiology, autonomic regulation, or mechanisms that influence heart rate in a controlled tissue system. Drug studies can assess how candidate compounds alter contraction rate or force, while physiological experiments can evaluate responses to neurotransmitters and changes in ionic conditions.