Urothelium
Urothelium - Related Videos
06:38
Novel Method of Plasmid DNA Delivery to Mouse Bladder Urothelium by Electroporation
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Cited by 3 •
2018
We describe a novel method for the delivery of DNA plasmid into the urothelial cells of mouse bladder in vivo through urethra catheterization and electroporation. It offers a fast and convenient way for generating autochthonous mouse models of bladder diseases.
06:01
Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction
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Cited by 2 •
2022
Methods are described for the generation of large amounts of recombinant adenoviruses, which can then be used to transduce the native rodent urothelium allowing for expression of transgenes or downregulation of endogenous gene products.
03:56
Delivery of DNA Plasmids into Urothelium of Mouse Bladder: An Electroporation-based Procedure to Efficiently Deliver DNA Plasmids into Urothelial Cells of Murine Bladder to Generate Genetically Engineered Models
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2023
This video demonstrates the delivery of DNA plasmid into the urothelium of the mouse bladder using a combination of urethral catheterization and electroporation techniques. The described procedure allows the generation of mouse bladder cancer models.
05:23
Preparation of Mouse Bladder Tissue for Visualization of Bacterial Infection
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2026
Source: O'Brien, V. P., et. al., Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice. J. Vis. Exp. (2020)This video demonstrates the use of scanning electron microscopy to visualize bacterial colonization and host–pathogen interactions in the bladder epithelium of a pre-infected mouse model.
02:06
Visualizing Intracellular Bacterial Communities in an Infected Mouse Bladder
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2026
Source: Conover, M. S. et. al., Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model. J. Vis. Exp. (2015)This video demonstrates the detection of intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in mouse bladder tissue infected with β-galactosidase-expressing Escherichia coli. Following tissue fixation, permeabilization, and staining with X-gal, IBCs appear as blue puncta under a dissecting microscope, confirming bacterial invasion during urinary tract infection.
FAQs
Impermeability depends on several coordinated features rather than a single seal. Tight junctions restrict passage between adjacent umbrella cells, while uroplakins contribute to the specialized surface of those cells. Regulated membrane expansion then preserves coverage as the tissue stretches. Together, these components help separate urine from underlying tissues during changing bladder volume.
Umbrella cells accommodate repeated changes in bladder volume through regulated membrane expansion. This adjustment allows the apical surface to increase during storage and adapt again when the bladder releases urine, without abandoning barrier continuity. The mechanism is important because the urothelium must combine mechanical flexibility with protection of underlying tissue throughout recurring cycles of filling and emptying.
Mechanical and chemical sensing gives the urothelium a signaling role in addition to its barrier function. Changes in the urinary environment can be detected by the tissue, which then communicates with nerves, smooth muscle, and immune cells. This coordination connects conditions within the urinary tract to local cellular and tissue responses.
Its structural features help control exposure of underlying tissues to urine, while its sensing capacity allows the lining to communicate information about mechanical and chemical conditions. These roles operate together rather than independently: the tissue both limits unwanted exchange and participates in coordination with nearby nerves, smooth muscle, and immune cells. That combination makes it biologically responsive as well as protective.
Examining signaling can reveal how urinary tract conditions are connected across tissue systems. Because the urothelium communicates with nerves, smooth muscle, and immune cells, researchers can investigate interactions rather than treating the lining as a passive wall. This perspective is relevant to bladder-disorder studies and to questions about how local sensing contributes to tissue responses.
Urothelial research is relevant to urinary tract infections because the tissue forms the interface with urine and can communicate with immune cells. Studies can therefore examine how barrier properties and tissue signaling relate to urinary tract defense or injury. This framework connects cellular organization with disease-associated changes without reducing infection research to microbial factors alone.
In tissue injury research, investigators can focus on how urothelial barrier organization and communication change after damage. Regenerative medicine uses this knowledge to consider how the lining might be restored while preserving both protective and signaling functions. The subject therefore connects cell biology with repair-oriented research, especially when recovery requires more than simply replacing surface cells.