Viral Uptake
Viral Uptake - Related Videos
04:04
Radiolabeled Amino Acid Uptake Assay to Quantify Cellular Uptake of Amino Acids
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2025
This video demonstrates an in vitro technique for estimating amino acid uptake by bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Na+-dependent amino acid transporters mediate the uptake of radiolabeled amino acids inside the cells, and the cellular uptake is estimated by measuring the radioactivity.
03:27
Preparing Cells to Analyze Intracellular Uptake and Activity of an Antiviral Agent
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2026
Source: Allaire, A., et al. Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus. J. Vis. Exp. (2015).The video demonstrates the procedure for preparing cells to assess the intracellular uptake and activity of an antiviral agent against the hepatitis C virus.
03:13
Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Assay: A Plate Reader-Based Method for Measuring Calcium Uptake in Isolated Mitochondria
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2025
This video describes a plate reader-based assay to measure mitochondrial calcium uptake in isolated mitochondria. The assay analyzes the fluorescence signal of a calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye to study the kinetics of mitochondrial calcium uptake and calcium overload.
08:04
Evaluation of Nanoparticle Uptake in Tumors in Real Time Using Intravital Imaging
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Cited by 51 •
2011
We present a novel approach to quantify nanoparticle localization in the vasculature of human xenografted tumors using dynamic, real-time intravital imaging in an avian embryo model.
00:57
Viral Recombination
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2019
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment. Viral Recombination Can Create New Diseases Some diseases can infect multiple species. For example, pigs can be infected by some human and...
FAQs
Specific receptor recognition acts as a biological filter for entry. A virus can interact productively only with cells displaying a compatible receptor, so receptor distribution helps determine which hosts or cell types are susceptible. This relationship links viral uptake to host range, the set of hosts affected, and tissue tropism, the preference for particular tissues.
Membrane fusion and receptor-mediated endocytosis represent distinct entry routes after surface binding. Fusion joins the viral and cellular membranes, whereas endocytosis moves the particle into the cell through a membrane-derived compartment. Comparing these routes helps researchers distinguish how a virus crosses the membrane and where later genome release must occur.
Uncoating is important because binding or internalization alone does not place the viral genome in a usable cellular location. During this transition, the particle’s protective structure is removed sufficiently to release genetic material into the host cell. Consequently, uptake studies must consider both entry and the conversion of an internalized particle into genome delivery.
Cellular barriers can limit viral uptake at more than one point, including receptor engagement, membrane crossing, or genome release after entry. Conversely, cellular features that promote these stages can increase delivery efficiency. Identifying where restriction occurs helps explain why infection differs among cells and provides targets for strategies intended to reduce viral entry.
They can map the sequence from surface attachment through membrane crossing and uncoating, then identify cellular barriers that interrupt viral genetic-material delivery. This information separates a failure to bind from a failure to enter or release the genome, giving researchers a more precise view of infection mechanisms.
Because uptake is an early requirement for delivering viral genetic material, disrupting it may limit infection before later stages proceed. Uptake studies also clarify which viral surface interactions and cellular entry processes need consideration when developing vaccines or evaluating antiviral strategies aimed at preventing productive infection.
Viral vectors rely on entry mechanisms to deliver genetic material into target cells. Studying uptake can reveal whether receptor recognition, membrane crossing, or uncoating creates a cellular barrier to that delivery. This knowledge supports efforts to understand vector-based gene delivery while maintaining attention to cell and tissue specificity.