Quantum Electronic Devices
Quantum Electronic Devices - Related Videos
11:16
Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles
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Cited by 12 •
2016
A method is described whereby quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles can be used for correlative immunocytochemical studies of epoxy embedded human pathology tissue. We employ commercial antibody fragment conjugated QDs that are visualized by widefield fluorescence light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
14:58
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Cited by 17 •
2015
The fabrication process and experimental characterization techniques relevant to single-electron pumps based on silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots are discussed.
02:43
Quantum Numbers
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2020
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels. The energy levels are labeled with an n value, where n = 1, 2, 3, etc. Generally speaking, the energy of an electron in an atom is greater for greater values of n. This number, n, is referred to as the principal quantum number. The principal quantum number defines the...
02:45
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom
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2020
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
05:39
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Cited by 5 •
2019
Quantum integrated circuits (QICs) consisting of array of planar and ballistic Josephson junctions (JJs) based on In0.75Ga0.25As two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is demonstrated. Two different methods for fabrication of the two-dimensional (2D) JJs and QICs are discussed followed by the demonstration of quantum transport measurements in sub-Kelvin temperatures.
FAQs
Tunneling allows electrons to cross an energy barrier even when classical electronic behavior would restrict that movement. In engineered components, this effect enables electrical control at nanometer scales and supports device types such as single-electron transistors and resonant-tunneling diodes. The resulting behavior can provide functions that differ substantially from those of conventional classical electronics.
Quantized energy levels restrict electrons to discrete states rather than allowing a continuous range of energies. This gives engineers a way to control electronic behavior through the structure and operating conditions of a device. Quantum dots are an important example, because their discrete states contribute to specialized electrical responses and support applications in sensing and quantum information technologies.
Coherent electron behavior preserves quantum-mechanical characteristics that can be used to control electrical signals. Its significance becomes especially apparent in superconducting circuits and other systems designed for quantum information technologies. Because such behavior is associated with carefully controlled conditions, including cryogenic operation in some devices, engineering performance depends on both device design and the environment in which it operates.
These device classes exploit different aspects of quantum behavior and therefore support different engineering functions. Quantum dots emphasize discrete electronic states, while single-electron transistors and resonant-tunneling diodes use tunneling in distinct component architectures. Together with superconducting circuits, they illustrate how device structure determines whether a system is suited to sensing, high-frequency signal processing, low-power computation, or quantum information technologies.
Engineers must account for physical scale and operating environment because quantum effects become important at nanometer dimensions or under conditions such as cryogenic temperatures. Device design therefore requires attention to both the component architecture and the conditions that preserve its intended behavior. These constraints influence how the device is engineered for reliable signal control and practical integration.
Development connects semiconductor engineering with nanofabrication, condensed-matter physics, and materials engineering. Engineers select a device architecture, design structures capable of producing the intended quantum behavior, and address the manufacturing requirements needed to realize those structures. Evaluating materials and fabrication approaches is also essential because manufacturing advances help determine whether promising device concepts can become scalable technologies.
Their applications extend across sensitive sensing, high-frequency signal processing, and low-power computation, in addition to quantum information technologies. The appropriate device depends on which quantum effect and component architecture best serve the intended function. This broader range matters in engineering because quantum electronic devices are not limited to one application area or one type of circuit.
Materials and manufacturing determine how effectively engineered structures can exhibit and control quantum behavior, while also influencing whether production can expand beyond specialized demonstrations. Continued advances in these areas shape practical scalability. For engineering, this creates a direct link between understanding device physics and developing fabrication methods that can support useful components at larger technological scales.