Acidification
Acidification - Related Videos
03:21
Gut Acidification Monitoring Assay: A Technique to Study the Acidification of the Intestinal Lumen in Drosophila using Bromophenol Blue Dye
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to monitor gut acidification in Drosophila flies. After the ingestion of food supplemented with a pH indicator dye, the acidification of the intestinal lumen results in a change in the color of the dye. Visual inspection of the digestive tract of the flies to examine the color change provides evidence of acidification.
04:39
Monitoring Gut Acidification in the Adult Drosophila Intestine
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Cited by 10 •
2021
Here, we present a standardized protocol for monitoring gut acidification in Drosophila melanogaster with optimal output. We first use this protocol for gut acidification monitoring in Drosophila melanogaster and then demonstrate its use in non-model Drosophila species.
06:47
Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
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Cited by 103 •
2015
Glycolysis is a defining metabolic marker in multiple biological systems. Monitoring glycolysis by measuring the extracellular flux of H+ is common, but requires correction to be quantitative and unambiguous. Here, we demonstrate how to gather and correct extracellular flux data to distinguish between respiratory and glycolytic sources of extracellular acidification.
06:15
Assessing the Metabolic Activity of Whole Regenerating Zebrafish Ventricles Ex Vivo Using an Extracellular Flux Assay
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2026
In this article, we describe a detailed protocol for quantifying the oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate of ex vivo adult zebrafish ventricles to characterize their oxidative and glycolytic metabolic capacity.
10:10
Exploring the Sequential Cellular Events of Phagocytosis Triggered by Godanti Bhasma in Mammalian Cells
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Cited by 1 •
2025
This study elucidates phagocytic processing of Godanti Bhasma (GB) particles in mammalian cells, characterizing their cellular uptake, vacuole dynamics, acidification, and degradation. These findings not only advance our understanding of fundamental phagocytosis mechanisms but also establish GB as a promising model system for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
FAQs
Proton pumps move hydrogen ions across membranes, concentrating protons within endosomes and phagolysosomes. This transport establishes a lower pH than the surrounding cytoplasm and creates a chemical environment in which acid-dependent processes can occur. In infection studies, examining proton movement helps connect membrane transport with compartment function and intracellular pathogen handling.
Acidification helps activate proteases within endosomes and phagolysosomes. These enzymes break down engulfed material, including microbial components, into smaller products that can contribute to antigen processing. Consequently, changes in compartmental pH may alter how efficiently immune cells process material encountered during infection and may affect downstream immune recognition.
The low-pH environment of a phagolysosome can damage or inhibit engulfed microbes by exposing them to conditions that challenge microbial survival. The outcome depends on how well a pathogen tolerates or adapts to that environment. Measuring acidification therefore helps distinguish effective intracellular host defense from conditions that may permit pathogen persistence.
Altered proton transport can change the acidity of cellular compartments and tissues, affecting enzyme activity, molecular structure, and microbial survival. These changes may modify immune-cell function during infection and contribute to inflammatory tissue changes. Comparing pH or proton transport under different infection conditions can therefore link cellular acidification with broader inflammatory outcomes.
Studies can measure pH and proton transport to determine whether compartments, cells, or tissues become more or less acidic. These measurements provide evidence about the activity of proton pumps and the resulting chemical environment. Interpreting them alongside infection or immune-cell conditions can reveal altered compartment function, microbial adaptation, or impaired host defense.
Acidification studies show whether an intracellular pathogen encounters the hostile conditions normally associated with endosomes and phagolysosomes, and whether it adapts to them. Measurements of pH and proton transport can identify relationships between microbial persistence and host-cell compartment function. This information helps explain why some engulfed pathogens remain viable despite immune-cell defenses.