Glutamine Metabolism
Glutamine Metabolism - Related Videos
10:23
Glutamine Flux Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Sensors
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Cited by 7 •
2014
This article will demonstrate how to monitor glutamine dynamics in live cells using FRET. Genetically encoded sensors allow real-time monitoring of biological molecules at a subcellular resolution. Experimental design, technical details of the experimental settings, and considerations for post-experimental analyses will be discussed for genetically encoded glutamine sensors.
08:01
LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics
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Cited by 6 •
2017
Here we present a step-by-step protocol of the long-length electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LERLIC-MS/MS) method. This is a novel methodology that enables for the first time quantification and characterization of the glutamine and asparagine deamidation isoforms by shotgun proteomics.
09:16
FIBS-enabled Noninvasive Metabolic Profiling
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2014
A description of how to calibrate Förster Resonance Energy Transfer integrated biological sensors (FIBS) for in situ metabolic profiling is presented. The FIBS can be used to measure intracellular levels of metabolites noninvasively aiding in the development of metabolic models and high throughput screening of bioprocess conditions.
05:41
Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
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Cited by 42 •
2013
Zebrafish represent a powerful vertebrate model that has been under-utilised for metabolic studies. Here we describe a rapid way to measure the in vivo metabolic profile of developing zebrafish that allows the comparison of different mitochondrial function parameters between genetically or pharmacologically manipulated embryos, thereby increasing the applicability of this organism.
00:52
What is Metabolism?
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2019
Overview Metabolism represents all of the chemical activity in a cell, including reactions that build molecules (anabolism) and those that break molecules down (catabolism). Anabolic reactions require energy, whereas catabolic reactions provide it. Thus, metabolism describes how cells transform energy through a variety of chemical reactions, which are often made more efficient with the help of enzymes. Metabolism Is the Sum of All of the Chemical Reactions That Take Place in an Organism
FAQs
Glutaminase controls an important entry point by converting glutamine into glutamate. This reaction makes glutamate available for further processing into α-ketoglutarate and also links glutamine use with nitrogen handling. In immune and infection studies, changes at this step can help explain how cells redirect glutamine toward energy production, biosynthesis, or responses associated with cellular activation.
α-Ketoglutarate connects glutamine-derived carbon to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a central pathway for cellular energy production. This connection allows glutamine use to support the metabolic demands of immune cells when they activate or proliferate. Examining this route helps researchers relate glutamine availability to broader changes in cellular metabolism rather than viewing glutamine only as a biosynthetic nutrient.
Nitrogen released or transferred through glutamine metabolism contributes to the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. These products can support the increased biosynthetic requirements associated with immune-cell proliferation and activation. In infection research, this relationship is relevant because altered nitrogen use may influence how effectively host cells sustain immune functions and cytokine production during responses to pathogens.
Researchers can examine how pathogen exposure changes glutamine use in host cells and then relate those changes to activation, proliferation, cytokine production, or inflammation. This approach connects a metabolic pathway with observable immune outcomes. It can also clarify whether altered cellular metabolism accompanies the host response, rather than treating infection and metabolism as separate processes.
Studies may focus on whether glutamine-related metabolic changes coincide with immune-cell activation, expansion, cytokine production, or inflammatory responses. The pathway can therefore be evaluated at the level of cellular energy needs, biosynthetic support, nitrogen use, and redox balance. Together, these outcomes help characterize how immune function is shaped by metabolic conditions during infection-related research.
Its relevance follows from the pathway's connection to several processes that influence immune behavior, including energy production, biosynthesis, nitrogen transfer, and redox balance. If infection or inflammation is associated with altered glutamine use, studying those changes may identify metabolic relationships worth targeting or modifying. Such work can support the evaluation of strategies aimed at influencing immune function without assuming a single mechanism.