Immune Cell Signaling
Immune Cell Signaling - Related Videos
09:51
Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
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Cited by 6 •
2017
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many human inflammatory diseases, and regulating TLR responses by bioactive nanoparticles is anticipated to be beneficial in many inflammatory conditions. THP-1 cell-based reporter cells provide a versatile and robust screening platform for identifying novel inhibitors of TLR signaling.
08:32
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Cited by 2 •
2014
We describe a protocol to measure the antiviral cytokine production in mice infected with a model herpesvirus, murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) that is closely-related to human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Utilizing genetically modified mouse strains and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we assessed the antiviral cytokine production both in vivo and ex vivo. “Reconstituting” the expression of innate immune components in knockout embryonic...
07:26
Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2011
This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.
16:13
Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro
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Cited by 18 •
2011
Migraine and its transformation to chronic migraine are immense healthcare burdens in need of improved treatment options. We seek to define how neural immune signaling modulates the susceptibility to migraine, modeled in vitro using spreading depression in hippocampal slice cultures, as a means to develop novel therapeutic targets.
15:39
Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Herein we describe two approaches to characterize cell polarization events in B lymphocytes during the formation of an IS. The first, involves quantification of organelle recruitment and cytoskeleton rearrangements at the synaptic membrane. The second is a biochemical approach, to characterize changes in composition of the centrosome, which undergoes polarization to the immune synapse.
FAQs
Receptor engagement translates recognition of antigens, cytokines, chemokines, or costimulatory molecules into intracellular signals. These signals can modify gene expression and thereby change whether a cell becomes activated, moves toward a site, proliferates, or differentiates. The resulting response links an external immune cue to a specific cellular behavior rather than producing a uniform reaction.
Intracellular pathways connect signals received at the cell surface with changes in cellular function. Their effects include altered gene expression, movement, activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Because several immune outcomes depend on this internal processing, pathway activity helps determine how cells organize defenses and maintain immune balance during immune responses.
These signal types provide distinct inputs to immune cells. Antigens are recognized through receptors, while cytokines and chemokines participate in communication between cells and can influence cellular responses or movement. Costimulatory molecules add information that shapes activation. Together, these inputs help coordinate the timing, location, and strength of immune-cell behavior.
During pathogen recognition, signaling enables innate and adaptive immune cells to exchange information. This communication connects early threat detection with the organization of broader defenses and helps coordinate tissue responses. Studying these interactions in infection research clarifies how different immune-cell populations contribute to a shared response rather than acting as isolated systems.
Researchers can assess changes in gene expression, cell movement, activation, proliferation, and differentiation as indicators of signaling effects. These outcomes show how an immune cue influences cellular behavior and can reveal whether communication is supporting an organized defense or contributing to an altered tissue response. The same readouts help compare immune activity across experimental contexts.
Its signaling networks provide a framework for examining how immune responses are organized and regulated. In vaccine development and infectious-disease research, they help explain communication during pathogen-related responses. In immunotherapy, they provide context for modifying immune activity. Disrupted signaling can also help researchers investigate autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, and immune deficiencies.