Pulmonary Granuloma Formation
Pulmonary Granuloma Formation - Related Videos
08:17
Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
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Cited by 8 •
2017
The following protocol describes the methodology for the acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic images used to obtain the Left Atrial Volume (LAV), Aorta (Ao) diameter, and Pulmonary Artery (PA) diameter in mice. This technique is a non-invasive, non-terminal procedure that allows assessment of the cardiopulmonary function.
06:59
Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
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2025
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a life-threatening complication of fibrosing mediastinitis (FM), with a poor prognosis if not properly treated. Currently, catheter-based endovascular angioplasty is a promising therapeutic strategy for FM-associated PVS. This protocol primarily outlines a stepwise approach to the transcatheter procedure for FM-associated PVS.
10:56
Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation
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Cited by 7 •
2014
In order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neotissue formation and stenosis development in tissue engineered heart valves, a murine model of heterotopic heart valve transplantation was developed. A pulmonary heart valve was transplanted to recipient using the heterotopic heart transplantation technique.
07:06
Selective Harvesting of Marginating-pulmonary Leukocytes
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Cited by 1 •
2016
Marginating-pulmonary leukocytes exhibit unique characteristics and distinct immunological functions compared to other leukocyte populations. Here we describe selective harvesting of this subpopulation of pulmonary leukocytes, by forced perfusion of the lungs in rats and mice. Marginating-pulmonary leukocytes seem critical in determining susceptibility to blood-borne and lung-related diseases.
13:32
Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices
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Cited by 29 •
2014
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an important physiological phenomenon by which at alveolar hypoxia lung perfusion is matched to ventilation. The major vascular segment contributing to HPV is the intra-acinar artery. Here, we describe our protocol for the analysis of HPV of murine pulmonary vessels with diameters of 20-100 μm.
FAQs
The key signaling sequence begins when antigen-presenting cells activate T lymphocytes in response to a persistent stimulus. T-cell cytokines then recruit and sustain macrophages, maintaining the cellular organization around that stimulus. This communication is important because granuloma development depends not only on macrophage accumulation, but also on continued immune signaling that preserves the structure.
Macrophages within the lesion can transform into epithelioid macrophages and fuse into multinucleated giant cells. Lymphocytes may accumulate around them, while fibrotic tissue can develop at the periphery. These changes create a layered cellular and structural organization that pathologists can relate to the persistence of the underlying pathogen, foreign material, or other stimulus.
Immune status and inflammatory intensity strongly influence the outcome. Impaired immunity may weaken containment, allowing a persistent infection to progress, whereas excessive inflammation can damage lung tissue. In some infectious settings, including tuberculosis, caseous necrosis may occur. Thus, the same containment response can either limit spread or contribute to disease pathology.
Assessment of a pulmonary granuloma focuses on its cellular and tissue organization rather than on a single cell type. Relevant findings include epithelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, surrounding lymphocytes, fibrotic tissue, and, in some infections, caseous necrosis. Interpreting these features helps connect lung pathology with immune containment, persistent infection, or tissue injury.
In tuberculosis infection, granuloma formation can restrict microbial spread by concentrating immune cells around organisms that are difficult to clear. That containment is not guaranteed: impaired immunity or damaging inflammation may permit progression and lung injury, and caseous necrosis can appear. Studying this balance clarifies how host defenses shape pathogen persistence and pulmonary disease.
Research on pulmonary granuloma formation links microscopic structure to broader questions in immunology and infection. Investigators can use granuloma features to study host-pathogen interactions, interpret lung pathology, and explore diagnostic markers. The same framework also informs therapeutic research for chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases, especially where containment, persistent stimuli, and tissue damage intersect.