Confocal Scanning Ophthalmoscopy
Confocal Scanning Ophthalmoscopy - Related Videos
14:10
Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy
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Cited by 14 •
2011
The complete construction of a custom, real-time confocal scanning imaging system is described. This system, which can be readily used for video-rate microscopy and microendoscopy, allows for an array of imaging geometries and applications not accessible using standard commercial confocal systems, at a fraction of the cost.
06:19
In Vivo Imaging of Cx3cr1gfp/gfp Reporter Mice with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
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Cited by 5 •
2017
This protocol describes how high-resolution imaging techniques such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can be utilized in small rodents, using an ophthalmic imaging platform system, to obtain information on retinal thickness and microglial cell distribution, respectively.
02:07
Imaging Tumor Cell Migration in Glioblastoma Tissue Using Time-Lapse Scanning Confocal Microscopy
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2025
Source: Parker, J. J., et al. A Human Glioblastoma Organotypic Slice Culture Model for Study of Tumor Cell Migration and Patient-specific Effects of Anti-Invasive Drugs. J. Vis. Exp. (2017)This video showcases the imaging of glioblastoma tissue slices expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) via confocal microscopy. High-resolution images are captured at consistent intervals to track tumor cell movement and direction.
09:44
Oral Biofilm Analysis of Palatal Expanders by Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
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Cited by 20 •
2011
We present a protocol for structural and compositional analysis of natural oral biofilm from orthodontic appliances with in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Oral biofilm samples were collected from palatal expanders, scraping acrylic-resin flakes off their surface and referring them for molecular processing.
10:48
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical and Confocal Microscopy
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2023
Source: Peiman Shahbeigi-Roodposhti and Sina Shahbazmohamadi, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut Optical microscopes have been around for centuries, and while they reached their theoretical limitation of resolution decades ago, new equipment and techniques, such as confocal and digital image processing, have created new niches within the field of optical imaging. The best optical microscopes will typically have a resolution down to 200 nm in ideal...
FAQs
The confocal aperture improves image contrast by rejecting fluorescence or reflected light that originates outside the focal plane. This selective filtering limits unwanted signal before light reaches the detector, so structures positioned at the focus remain more clearly represented. In retinal imaging, that mechanism supports separation of information from different depths rather than combining all detected light into one undifferentiated view.
During Confocal Scanning Ophthalmoscopy, illumination is focused onto the retina and moved point by point across the target. The detector records the signal associated with each scanned location, and the instrument reconstructs those measurements into an image. This scanning-and-reconstruction sequence converts local optical responses into a spatial map of retinal structures for subsequent assessment.
The recorded signal can arise from either fluorescence or reflected light, depending on the imaging approach and the available illumination source. In both cases, the confocal arrangement determines which portion of the returning optical information contributes to the image. Recognizing this signal pathway helps explain why the technique can depict retinal layers as well as vascular or cellular changes.
A typical acquisition uses a focused laser or another illumination source, a scanning system that moves the focused spot across the retina, a confocal aperture, and a detector. The aperture is positioned in the optical pathway before detection, where it excludes out-of-focus light. The recorded points are then combined to reconstruct the final retinal image.
Clinically, Confocal Scanning Ophthalmoscopy can support evaluation of retinal layers, optic nerve structures, and vascular or cellular changes. These views are relevant when assessing glaucoma and retinal disease because they provide structural information from specific ocular regions. The technique therefore contributes to examination of disease-related anatomy rather than serving only as a general fundus photograph.
Repeated imaging is valuable because the method provides depth-resolving views that can be compared over time. In medicine, this supports longitudinal monitoring of ocular structure and function, while research applications can examine how retinal structural, cellular, or vascular features change. Its noninvasive nature also makes it suitable for observing the eye without an invasive imaging procedure.